Paediatric urological malignancies

The Spectrum of Pediatric Tumors in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Special Techniques in Diagnosis

“…Wilms tumor [4,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] is the second most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, with approximately 450 cases per year. The mean age for unilateral tumors is 41 months and for bilateral tumors 29 months.…”

“…These may prove to be targets for future therapy. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney [4,29,30,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] represents 4% of primary kidney tumors in children with a peak incidence during the second year of life and a male predilection (1.6 M:1.0 F). These are highly aggressive tumors with bone metastases occurring in 40% of cases.…”

“…A group of kidney tumors with translocations involving Xp11.2 (Table 4) have recently been described, which may be confused with the basophilic papillary renal cell carcinoma [30,32,34,[36][37][38]. These occur in younger individuals, some as young as 1 year of age.…”