Paediatric tuberculosis in a low burden setting of Saudi Arabia: Drug and multidrug resistance patterns

Elhassan, Mogahid M.; Elmekki, Miskelyemen A.; Ozbak, Hani A.; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Turkistani, Khalid A.; Kafi, Shamsoon K.; Abdul-Aziz, Ahmed A.

doi:10.5897/ajmr2018.8890

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…Moreover, children have a tendency to get affected by TB in cases of close contact, which highlights the significance of contact tracing. The prevalence of childhood TB with resistant strains is indicative of household contact [ 11 ], thus making screening of children essential in limiting the pediatric spread of TB. Moreover, for children, other sampling techniques need to be standardized as young children may not be able to expectorate [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis

Saati

Khurram

Faidah

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Tuberculosis is a global health challenge due to its spreading potential. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) faces a challenge in the spread of tuberculosis from migrant workers, but the foremost threat is the huge number of pilgrims who travel to visit sacred sites of the Islamic world located in the holy cities of Makkah and Al Madina. Pilgrims visit throughout the year but especially in the months of Ramadan and Zul-Hijah. The rise of resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an established global phenomenon that makes such large congregations likely hotspots in the dissemination and spread of disease at a global level. Although very stringent and effective measures exist, the threat remains due to the ever-changing dynamics of this highly pathogenic disease. This overview primarily highlights the current public health challenges posed by this disease to the Saudi health system, which needs to be highlighted not only to the concerned authorities of KSA, but also to the concerned global quarters since the pilgrims and migrants come from all parts of the world with a majority coming from high tuberculosis-burdened countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis

Saati

Khurram

Faidah

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex in Children Clinical, Radiological Features, Management, Outcome and Susceptibility Pattern

AlHarthi,

Abdullahi,

Bagaber

et al. 2023

International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

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Introduction Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex MTC is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is most commonly used worldwide. Disseminated BCG disease is one of the vaccine complications that may occur in immunocompromised children. Methods Retrospective study from January 2009 to December 2022. Results We evaluated 66 patients with microbiologically documented M. tuberculosis complex. Immunocompetent were 28 while 38 were immunocompromised. Our data include 46 patients with BCG-related infections. The majority of 26 patients were diagnosed with disseminated BCGiosis, and local BCGitis was found in 20 out of 46. Remaining 20 patients constitute non-BCG-related infections. Chest radiography done in 58 patients and 10.6% had abnormal findings specific for TB. Other image was mainly done for disseminated BCGiosis. The overall acid-fast bacillus AFB smear was positive in 42.4%, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive in 75.8% and positive cultures in 97%. Susceptibility of all samples showed high resistance of pyrazinamide 78.2%, and INH 57.8%, while low resistance to RIF and ethambutol. A further subanalysis of the non-BCG group only showed a drop of resistance to 30% for the related group; all strains were pyrazinamide resistant in the same line with the fact that BCG strain is intrinsically resistant to pyrazinamide, all our patients were 100% resistant. We observed four medications showed some advantage over three-drug regimens with respect to mortality in immunocompromised group. The overall outcome in all patients showed 10.6% mortality. Majority were in disseminated BCGiosis, in which 19.2% died. Conclusion: Our center is the main referral hospital in the kingdom with a large number of patients that will help in understanding local data more. Performance of smear and PCR showed variation in relation to different TB diagnoses and sensitivity patterns, giving us insight into different MTB complex strain characteristics that would help in treatment. Sensitivity pattern data will help in keeping updated treatment protocol locally. We recommend managing disseminated BCGiosis with at least four antimycobacterial agents.

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Paediatric tuberculosis in a low burden setting of Saudi Arabia: Drug and multidrug resistance patterns

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis

A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex in Children Clinical, Radiological Features, Management, Outcome and Susceptibility Pattern

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