Paediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis with HIV Coinfection: A Case Report

Nwokeukwu, H I; Okafor, Paulinus N.; Onuka, Okorie; Ukpabi, Ihuoma K.

doi:10.1155/2013/756152

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis could be due to primary infection, acquired infection, and amplified resistance [17]. More so, acquired MDR-TB may result from incorrect prescription, irregular supply of drugs, noncompliance to treatment, lack of supervision and poor adherence [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Abia State

Onuka¹,

Agboola²,

Gidado³

et al. 2016

AID

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and transmitted from person to person, through inhalation of droplet nuclei aerosolized by coughing of an infected person. It reached epidemic proportions in Europe and North America during the 18th and 19th centuries. The incubation period is 2-6 weeks and the control has been complicated with emergence of HIV and drug-resistant TB. In 1993, World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a global emergency. However, despite the concerted effort of National TB control programs, adoption and implementation of Stop TB strategy, TB has remained a major public health challenge with high mortality rate, especially in developing countries. Methodology: This is a descriptive study, evaluated using the positivist/quantitative approach. The study was conducted at Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, a tertiary specialist hospital with comprehensive TB/HIV treatment services. All the presumptive drug-resistant TB cases and symptomatic PLHIV were screened for HIV and their sputum specimens were tested for tuberculosis using the Gene xpert and the Ziehl-Neelsen technique for detecting Acid Fast bacilli. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and other essential data from the presumptive TB and laboratory registers such as total number of TB presumptive cases registered HIV status, AFB status and rifampicin status within the study period. Result: A total of 493 presumptive TB cases were screened in the study, 49.9% were HIV positive while 50.05% were HIV negative. More so, 77.85% of the screened cases were AFB negative and 22.15% were AFB positive. Moreover, 11% of the TB/HIV co-infected patients were rifampicin positive. Interestingly among the 493 cases screened with gene xpert machine, 3.6% were rifampicin positive. Furthermore, 3.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Abia State

Onuka¹,

Agboola²,

Gidado³

et al. 2016

AID

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“…TB accounts for 26% of AIDS-related deaths, of which 99% occur in developing countries [ 8 ]. In resource limited countries, TB is the most common opportunistic infection in children with HIV [ 9 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis among HIV Positive Children at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Ayalaw

Alene

Adane

2015

International Scholarly Research Notices

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Background. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among HIV positive children. Methods. A six-year retrospective follow-up study was conducted among HIV infected children aged less than 15 years. Life table was used to estimate the cumulative probability of tuberculosis free survival. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of tuberculosis. Results. A total of 271 HIV positive children were followed for six years and produced 1100.50 person-years of observation. During the follow-up period 52 new TB cases occurred. The overall incidence density of TB was 4.9 per 100 PY. Inappropriate vaccination [AHR: 8.03 (95% CI; 4.61–13.97)], ambulatory functional status [AHR: 1.99 (95% CI; 1.04–3.81)], and having baseline anemia [AHR: 2.23 (95% CI; 1.19–4.15)] were important predictors of time to TB occurrence. Conclusion. TB incidence rate was high. Early diagnosis and treatment of anemia and strengthening immunization program would reduce the risk of TB occurrence.

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“…Globally, there are more cases of tuberculosis today than in previous epochs of human history. Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection and increasing multi-drug resistance is greatly responsible for tuberculosis assuming almost epidemic proportions [2][3][4] . It affects one third of the world's population of well over 6 billion people, and 8.8 million people develop active disease each year [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) an effective strategy for tuberculosis control in a developing country?

Otu

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease

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Paediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis with HIV Coinfection: A Case Report

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

The Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Abia State

The Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Abia State

Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis among HIV Positive Children at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Is the directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) an effective strategy for tuberculosis control in a developing country?

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