Paediatric Hypertension in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Crouch, Simone H.; Soepnel, Larske; Kolkenbeck‐Ruh, Andrea; Maposa, Innocent; Naidoo, Sanushka; Davies, Justine; Norris, Shane A; Ware, Lisa J.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3915451

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…However, it is lower than that reported among children in South Africa, adolescents in Uganda and Tanzania and sub-Sahara Africa, and higher than reported in Cameroon [27,28]. The prevalence of hypertension in the current study was higher than that previously reported in among children in Africa and globally [4,6,[26][27][28]. Our study utilized the 2017 AAP percentile tables to define children's BP categories, while studies mentioned above, except for Chelo et al [26], utilized percentile tables from the fourth report and this may limit our comparisons.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Our findings were that 9% had elevated BP and 33% had hypertension. The prevalence of elevated BP (previously referred to as prehypertension) is similar to the averages reported among children sub-Sahara Africa and globally [4,6,26]. However, it is lower than that reported among children in South Africa, adolescents in Uganda and Tanzania and sub-Sahara Africa, and higher than reported in Cameroon [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…A review of the global prevalence of childhood hypertension revealed that the prevalence among children in Africa was higher than the global average [4]. A more recent systematic review and meta-analysis reported that 11.4% of children in Africa had pre-hypertension and 7.5% had hypertension and that the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) among children in Africa is rising [5,6]. However, it is important to note that research on elevated BP in childhood is still minimal in Africa [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more recent systematic review and meta-analysis reported that 11.4% of children in Africa had pre-hypertension and 7.5% had hypertension and that the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) among children in Africa is rising [5,6]. However, it is important to note that research on elevated BP in childhood is still minimal in Africa [5,6]. Although research studies have documented the rise of overweight and obesity among children in Kenya, population-level research on elevated BP in childhood has lagged [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not a single study included in the systematic reviews and meta-analysis was conducted in Kenya [5,6]. Approximately 21% of adults in Kenya have hypertension compared with 45% of adults in the USA [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns and predictors of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among primary school children in urban Kenya

Gewa

Onyango

Opiyo

et al. 2022

Journal of Hypertension

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Objective: We examined the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension among 390 primary school children of different socioeconomic status (SES) in two urban settings in Kenya and explored the association between children's BP status and their sociodemographic characteristics, dietary behaviours and overweight/obesity status.Methods: Children's BP and anthropometric measurements were taken and parents, with the help of their children, completed questionnaires on the children's dietary behaviours. An average of three BP readings was used to calculate BP percentiles by age, sex and height. BMI-for-age z-scores, waist-circumference-to-height ratio and the sum of skinfold measures were calculated. We utilized prevalence ratio analysis to examine the association between BP and sociodemographic characteristics, dietary behaviours and overweight/obesity.Results: About 9% of the school children had elevated BP and 33% had stage 1 hypertension. Among overweight children, the proportion of children with elevated BP was 1.85-fold greater and the proportion of children with hypertension was 1.83-fold greater compared with children with healthy body weight. Similar patterns of significant associations were seen among obese children, children with central obesity and children with high total skinfold values. The proportion of children with hypertension was 1.42-fold greater among children with high frequency of consumption of chips/crisps compared with children with lower frequency of consumption. Conclusion:These results increase our understanding BP patterns and determinants among school children in Kenya and can help inform noncommunicable disease prevention efforts.

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