Paediatric chemical burns: a clinical review

Nguyen, Alexander T M; Chamberlain, Kira; Holland, A.J.A.

doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03905-z

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Thus, we need a treatment different from that for the skin burns. Although its general treatment often follows the principles for thermal burns (Nguyen et al, 2021), chemical burns differ from thermal burns because of differences in the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the mucosal damage (Choi et al, 2009). Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org Therefore, it is necessary for us to illustrate integrally the regulatory mechanism of oral chemical burn healing and elucidate the burn wound healing effect of ShengFu oil on the oral mucosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced healing of oral chemical burn by inhibiting inflammatory factors with an oral administration of shengFu oil

Yin¹,

Hong²,

Tang³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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ShengFu oil is a compounded Chinese medicinal prescription, and provides antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, favoring burn wound repair. In this study, we aimed at investigating the effects of topical applications of ShengFu oil and its active ingredients in oral chemical burns and elucidating its regulatory effects on β-catenin, COX-2, and MMP-9 expression caused by exposure to acid or alkaline agents. ShengFu oil contains 16 components, such as Frankincense, Radix Scutellariae and Radix Rehmanniae, and the main active ingredients from Frankincense are α-pinene, linalool, and n-octanol. Mouse models of oral chemical burns were induced by using glacial acetic acid or sodium hydroxide. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the protein expressions of β-catenin, COX-2, and MMP-9 in wound tissues. They were further quantified by multispectral imaging analysis to clarify the effective mechanism of ShengFu oil for intervening inflammatory factors and active components. Our results indicated that the application of ShengFu oil on oral chemical burns effectively stopped the oral burn bleeding and reduced the inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues, demonstrating that ShengFu oil can promote wound tissue repair in burns caused by heat, acids, and alkalis. The immunohistochemical staining results illustrated that ShengFu oil and its active ingredients significantly reversed the abnormal changes in inflammation-related proteins in mouse tongue tissues that were caused by chemical burns. Regarding long-term toxic effects of ShengFu oil on the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney system, the results of hematoxylin and eosin staining experiments depicted that ShengFu oil was safe and effective for liver, kidney, intestine, esophagus, and tongue. All of these demonstrated that ShengFu oil and its active ingredients are effective and safe in preventing and treating oral chemical burns by interfering with the inflammatory microenvironment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced healing of oral chemical burn by inhibiting inflammatory factors with an oral administration of shengFu oil

Yin¹,

Hong²,

Tang³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Areas of ocular surface and limbal ischemia in the cases of chemical injuries should be noted. [ 32 ]…”

Section: Anterior Segment Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination under anesthesia: Preferred Practice

Dhillon,

Agarkar,

Vijaya1

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Pediatric ocular examinations are often a challenge in the outpatient setting due to limited cooperation of the child. Hence an evaluation under anesthesia (EUA) or sedation is important for a holistic ophthalmic examination. It can be combined with short procedures, such as suture removal and corneal scrappings, both for diagnosis and for the management of several ophthalmic disorders. It can also be performed before planning a surgical intervention to record the baseline characters and formulate or refine a surgical plan. Every EUA must be used as a chance to perform a complete ophthalmic examination rather than perform a single task such as recording the intraocular pressure. This article aims to provide a protocol that can be followed for a complete EUA.

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“…Epidermal damage can be repaired by the extension of surrounding epidermal cells, usually without significant scar formation. However, when severe injuries, such as burns, cause damage to the skin dermis layer, proliferative fibroblasts secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix, resulting in an imbalance between collagen synthesis and breakdown and eventually leading to hypertrophic scar and keloid formation [ 71 ]. The changes in the various components of the extracellular matrix cause the stiffness and height of hypertrophic scars to differ significantly from those of the surrounding normal skin.…”

Section: Igf-2 and Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 (IGF-2) in Fibrosis

et al. 2022

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The insulin family consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), their receptors (IR, IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and their binding proteins. All three ligands are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and metabolism due to their homologous sequences and structural similarities. Insulin-like growth factor 2, a member of the insulin family, plays an important role in embryonic development, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis by combining with three receptors with different degrees of affinity. The main pathological feature of various fibrotic diseases is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) after tissue and organ damage, which eventually results in organic dysfunction because scar formation replaces tissue parenchyma. As a mitogenic factor, IGF-2 is overexpressed in many fibrotic diseases. It can promote the proliferation of fibroblasts significantly, as well as the production of ECM in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This review aims to describe the expression changes and fibrosis-promoting effects of IGF-2 in the skin, oral cavity, heart, lung, liver, and kidney fibrotic tissues.

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Paediatric chemical burns: a clinical review

Cited by 14 publications

References 58 publications

Enhanced healing of oral chemical burn by inhibiting inflammatory factors with an oral administration of shengFu oil

Enhanced healing of oral chemical burn by inhibiting inflammatory factors with an oral administration of shengFu oil

Examination under anesthesia: Preferred Practice

Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 (IGF-2) in Fibrosis

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