Paediatric aspects of the Aberdeen typhoid outbreak.

Typhoid fever in African and Indian children in Durban.

“…occasionally delayed diagnosis by directing attention to other systems. Constipation was unusual, and this has been the experience of others reporting on children (Sood and Taneja, 1961a;Galloway et al, 1966). In keeping with other studies in children (Bauer and Bower, 1951;Earle, 1954;Abt and Abt, 1966), we also found epistaxis to be a rare complaint (3 %).…”

“…In fact this occurred on 10 occasions when an incorrect diagnosis of gastro-enteritis was made on admission. These findings regarding incidence of diarrhoea compare with those of the Aberdeen study in children (Galloway, Clark, and Blackhall, 1966), in which 36% had diarrhoea in contrast to only 17% in the New Delhi study of Sood and Taneja (1961a). Abdominal pain as an early complaint occurred in 100 (37 %), an incidence almost identical with that in the Aberdeen series (36 oo).…”

“…Friedman (1954) found a palpable spleen in 68% of the children he studied. In most of the other childhood series splenomegaly has been reported in about 30-40% (Sood and Taneja, 1961a;Galloway et al, 1966).…”

The epidemiology of typhoid fever in the Dong Thap Province, Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

“…Several hospital-based studies, a hospital outpatient-based prospective study of febrile patients, and a disease surveillance in Chicago showed that about one-quarter to one-third of pediatric typhoid fever cases were under 5 years old, and 6 to 21% were under 2 years of age (Table 2). [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] In this study, no culture-positive typhoid fever was detected in persons Ͻ 2 years of age. The apparent absence of culture-positive typhoid fever in children less than 2 years of age may be due to the difficulty and reluctance of doctors to draw five mL blood from a small child.…”

“…Following acute infections, patients may continue to excrete S. typhi for several weeks or for years as a chronic carrier. 2 Nearly half of the culture-positive typhoid fever in this study oc- Galloway and others 14 Scragg and others 15 Mulligan 16 Johnson and others 17 Thisyakorn and others 18 Chow and others 19 Ellis and others 20 Lepage and others 22 Verma and others 21 Velema and others 24 Mirsa and others 23 This study curred in March and April, the two months at the end of the dry season. The water level progressively gets lower during the dry season, especially in smaller waterways.…”