Paederia foetida Linn. inhibits adjuvant induced arthritis by suppression of PGE₂and COX-2 expression via nuclear factor-κB

Abstract

The current investigation was undertaken to determine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Paederia foetida Linn. (PF) along with its mechanism of action when implemented in tissue protection. HPTLC was used in the identification of the compound quercetin, while in vitro analysis confirmed the significance of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of PF. We initially demonstrated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of PF, evaluating it against a variety of phlogistic agents as well as turpentine oil, prostaglandin and arachidonic acid. Groups of rats, fasted overnight, were treated as follows: Group I: normal control (vehicle), Group II: PF (100 mg kg(-1)), Group III: arthritic control (CFA only, 0.05 ml), Group IV, V, VI: CFA (0.05 ml) + PF (25, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1)) and Group VII: CFA (0.05 ml) + indomethacin (10 mg per kg b.w.). PF significantly protected against paw edema, arthritic index and body weight alteration induced by Complete Fruend's Adjuvant (CFA). Other observations, like histological and macroscopic changes, were observed in CFA induced inflammation in knee joints. Subcutaneous administration of CFA was accompanied by proinflammatory cytokine status, as appraised by the amplification of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); oxidative stress status was estimated by the enhancement of the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH). Pre-treatment with PF significantly (P < 0.001) protected against CFA induced oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. More prominently, CFA administration augmented tissue and plasma superoxide (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, while the PF pre-treatment significantly (P < 0.001) reversed all CFA induced intracellular interruption. Following CFA induced arthritis, PF was tested for its free radical scavenging activity against the DPPH and ABTS radicals and its inhibitory proficiency against COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro. Considering the above, the current research confirmed momentous protection against CFA induced arthritis, which could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and pro-oxidant nature.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Melastoma malabathricum Linn attenuates complete freund’s adjuvant-induced chronic inflammation in Wistar rats via inflammation response

“…HPTLC study of MM extract was carried out according to reported method of Kumar et al with minor modification [25]. Quercetin (10 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol for preparing the standard solution and MM (2.0 g) extract solution was dissolved in 50 mL of methanol and was subjected to filtration using the Whatman filter paper.…”

“…Oral acute toxicity study of MM extract was performed according to the reported method of Kumar et al with minor modifications [25]. Swiss albino Wistar rats of both sexes (weighing 100 to 220 g, body weight) were used for the experimental purpose.…”

“…The joint swelling (arthritis index) was evaluated by the reported method of Kumar et al [25] with minor modifications. The arthritic index was assessed on scale 0–4, 0: no change, 1: mild swelling and erythema of limb, 2: erythema of limb and moderate swelling, 3: erythema of limb and coarse swelling, 4: the inability of limb and gross deformity.…”

Umbelliferone β-d-galactopyranoside inhibits chemically induced renal carcinogenesis via alteration of oxidative stress, hyperproliferation and inflammation: possible role of NF-κB

“…21 Briefly, ABTS 12-16 hr at room temperature; after 12-16 hr blue green colour of the ABTS solution was persist and maintained absorbance of the ABTS 0.7 ± 0.02 at 734 nm with diluted the ethanol. The test sample (0.1 mL) mixed with the ABTS solution (3.9 mL) and incubated at room temperature (37°C) for 10 min.…”

Fabrication, optimization, and characterization of umbelliferone &beta;-D-galactopyranoside-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: in vitro and in vivo studies

“…The serum α-feto protein (AFP) was determined using the reported method of Anwar et al 6 Nonhepatic parameters, namely, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGPT), were also estimated by standard reported methods. [11][12][13][14] hematological parameters…”