Padrões espaciais dos homicídios associados ao Indicador Adaptado de Condições de Vida no município de Itabuna - Bahia

Abstract

Violence, particularly homicide, is considered to be a social plague and is also a public health problem of great magnitude and transcendence that causes a great impact on the morbimortality of the population. Thus, it is essential to understand its occurrence in the context of the life of the population and the space that evolves it as well. This study displays a hybrid and ecological design and a temporal tendency and aimed to obtain the special standard of the murdering according to the place of residence of the victims in the municipality of Itabuna-BA, from the year of 2006 to the year of 2012, and it's related to the Adapted Indicator of Living Condition in 2010.The population consisted of all the homicides cases of residents of the municipality that occurred during the study period. Mortality data was obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health and the information that composed the Indicator of Living Condition collected from the Demographic Census conducted in 2010, so that the unit of analysis is the census tract itself. Epidemiological indicators, Years of Potential Life Lost, thematic maps and the Kernel density estimator were obtained. In order to elaborate the Adapted Indicator of Living Conditions, the factor analysis was used in the strata of living conditions defined by the clustering technique (hierarchical cluster analysis). The Chi-square test and the odds ratio were calculated according to the socioeconomic level to verify the association between the homicides and the low living conditions. The ArcGIS 10 and SPSS 18 software were used. The increasing homicide rates observed over the analyzed years were 214%, and 94% of the homicide cases affected the male population. Among the male population, the growth affected mainly the younger men, aged 15-29 years old. The firearm was the responsible instrument for the homicides in 83% of the deaths. Regarding the variables that composed the Adapted Indicator, the highest loadings were the literate population over 10 years old (0,920); proportion of children under 5 years old (0,801) and literate population aged 10-14 years old (0,720). The municipality was classified into four clusters: high, medium, low and very low living conditions. The comparison between the maps of living condition and residence of the victims of homicide showed the relationship established between the phenomenon and the neediest urban areas. When the clusters were compared, the crude Odd Ratio was equal to 12,62 (RC=12,62; IC 95%:[4,78; 33,32]) and equals 6,93 to the clusters of medium and low living conditions (RC=7,93; IC 95%: [2,76; 17,4]). The homicide mortality rates observed in Itabuna reaches the same rates observed in the big cities of the country in the 1980s, which shows that the violent criminality phenomenon, once predominant only in the big urban centers, advances towards the countryside, causing changes in the map of homicidal violence in Brazil. The stratification of the municipality according to living conditions and special distribut...

Estudo da variabilidade circadiana da temperatura corporal e ciclo vigília-sono do estudante trabalhador noturno

“…Estudo realizado por Gold(103), com 678 enfermeiras de um hospital norteamericano, foi possível identificar maior risco de acidentes, especialmente devido à sonolência durante o trabalho ou ao volante, no momento de retorno do trabalho.O trabalho em turnos e noturno são fatores de risco importantes para a saúde e bemestar dos trabalhadores de hospitais, devido às alterações biológicas (perturbações do ciclo vigília-sono e outras variáveis com ritmo circadiano), ocupacional (declínio no desempenho, erros e acidentes) e sociais (conflitos entre trabalho e família), porém esses efeitos negativos mostram uma grande variabilidade interindividual(104).noturno. Interessante observar que as características de matutinidade/vespertinidade não foram suficientemente significativas ao ponto de tornarem perceptível, por exemplo, a em atraso de fase com a MFS em 61,1% dos sujeitos, e excetuando os sujeitos 1,15 e 19, que tiveram atraso de 17:05h, 13:01h e 14:57h, respectivamente, a média de ocorrência foi de cerca de 1:00 hora após a MFS.…”