“…Granular materials are ubiquitous in natural, industrial, mining and geological processes. While they are comprised of many solid particles, their bulk properties exhibit many nonlinear phenomena such as force chains, [1][2][3] surface waves and surface instability, [4,5] resistance to penetration, [6] segregation, [7,8] jamming and clogging, [9][10][11][12] granular flow, [13][14][15] granular clock, [16,17] stress fluctuation, [18] etc. Fluidized beds have been widely used in industry for processing granular materials, such as hydrocarbon cracking, coal gasification, drying and mixing, and so on.…”