Packed bed thermal energy storage for waste heat recovery in the iron and steel industry: A cold model study on powder hold-up and pressure drop

Schwarzmayr, Paul; Birkelbach, Felix; Walter, Heimo; Javernik, Florian; Schwaiger, Michael; Hofmann, René

doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109735

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…THS can also be integrated with various energy storage systems such as adiabatic compressed air energy storage [84], liquid air energy storage [85], and Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) [86]. Additionally, THS finds applications in biomass power plants [87], waste heat recovery [88], space heating and cooling for individual buildings and communities, and heat pump systems [85,89].…”

Section: Application Of Thermocline Heat Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural design of THS tanks includes considerations such as tank shape, aspect ratio, inlet/outlet configurations, and the flow direction of the HTF. For indirect Schwarzmayr et al investigated the integration of packed bed THS and waste heat recovery in the steel industry and evaluated the applicability and robustness of gas powder two-phase exhaust gas as an HTF [88]. The experimental results showed that approximately 98% of the powder accumulated in the packed bed during the charging process.…”

Section: Tank Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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New Advances in Materials, Applications, and Design Optimization of Thermocline Heat Storage: Comprehensive Review

Zhang,

Guo,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Energies

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To achieve sustainable development goals and meet the demand for clean and efficient energy utilization, it is imperative to advance the penetration of renewable energy in various sectors. Energy storage systems can mitigate the intermittent issues of renewable energy and enhance the efficiency and economic viability of existing energy facilities. Among various energy storage technologies, thermocline heat storage (THS) has garnered widespread attention from researchers due to its stability and economic advantages. Currently, there are only a few review articles focusing on THS, and there is a gap in the literature regarding the optimization design of THS systems. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent research progress in THS, elucidating its principles, thermal storage materials, applications, and optimization designs. The novelty of this work lies in the detailed classification and analysis of various optimization designs for THS, including tank shape, aspect ratio, inlet/outlet configuration, thermal energy storage materials arrangement, operating strategies, and numerical model optimization approaches. The limitations of existing research are also identified, and future perspectives are proposed, aiming to provide recommendations for THS research and contribute to the development and promotion of THS technology.

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Section: Application Of Thermocline Heat Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tank Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

New Advances in Materials, Applications, and Design Optimization of Thermocline Heat Storage: Comprehensive Review

Zhang,

Guo,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…The chemical thermodynamic data of pure substances were utilized to calculate the obtained data, which are presented in Figure 4 and Equations (4)~ (10). In this study, the main metal oxide components in solid waste and NaCl-KCl eutectic salt are physically mixed without any chemical reaction occurring (∆ r G m > 0).…”

Section: Chemical Compatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utilization of heat storage technology for converting energy into thermal form represents a dependable means to enhance the efficiency of energy utilization [7,8]. Currently, phase change thermal storage technology has been successfully implemented in various domains, encompassing solar thermal storage [9], industrial waste heat recovery [10,11], building energy conservation [12,13], batteries [14], and new-energy vehicles [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on NaCl-KCl High-Temperature Thermal Storage Composite Phase Change Material Based on Modified Blast Furnace Slag

Zhang,

Cui,

et al. 2024

Energies

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The high-temperature composite phase change materials (HCPCMs) were prepared from solid waste blast furnace slag (BFS) and NaCl-KCl binary eutectic salt to achieve efficient and cost-effective utilization. To ensure good chemical compatibility with chlorine salt, modifier fly ash (FA) was incorporated and subjected to high-temperature treatment for the processing of industrial solid waste BFS, which possesses a complex chemical composition. The HCPCMs were synthesized through a three-step process involving static melting, solid waste modification, and mixing–cold pressing–sintering. Then, the influence of the modification method and the amount of SiC thermal conductivity reinforced material on chemical compatibility and thermodynamic performance was explored. The results demonstrate that the predominant phase of the modified solid waste is Ca2Al2SiO7, which exhibits excellent chemical compatibility with chlorine salt. HCPCMs containing less than 50 wt.% chloride content exhibit good morphological stability without any cracks, with a melting temperature of 661.76 °C and an enthalpy value of 108.73 J/g. Even after undergoing 60 thermal cycles, they maintain good chemical compatibility, with leakage rates for melting and solidification enthalpies being only 6.3% and 0.23%, respectively. The equilibrium was achieved when 40 wt.% of chloride salt was encapsulated upon the addition of 10% of SiC, and the incorporation of SiC resulted in an enhancement of thermal conductivity for HCPCMs to 2.959 W/(m·K) at room temperature and 2.400 W/(m·K) at 200 °C, with an average increase of about 2 times. The cost of the prepared HCPCMs experienced a significant reduction of 81.3%, demonstrating favorable economic performance and promising prospects for application. The research findings presented in this article can offer significant insights into the efficient utilization of solid waste.

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Exergy efficiency and thermocline degradation of a packed bed thermal energy storage in partial cycle operation: An experimental study

Schwarzmayr,

Birkelbach,

Walter

et al. 2024

Applied Energy

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Packed bed thermal energy storage for waste heat recovery in the iron and steel industry: A cold model study on powder hold-up and pressure drop

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

New Advances in Materials, Applications, and Design Optimization of Thermocline Heat Storage: Comprehensive Review

New Advances in Materials, Applications, and Design Optimization of Thermocline Heat Storage: Comprehensive Review

Research on NaCl-KCl High-Temperature Thermal Storage Composite Phase Change Material Based on Modified Blast Furnace Slag

Exergy efficiency and thermocline degradation of a packed bed thermal energy storage in partial cycle operation: An experimental study

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