Pacifier use does not alter the frequency or duration of spontaneous arousals in sleeping infants

Hanzer, M.; Zotter, Heinz; Sauseng, W.; Pfurtscheller, Klaus; Müller, Wilhelm; Kerbl, Reinhold

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.03.014

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This finding is comparable to a report that NNS use did not alter the frequency or duration of arousal in sleeping infants (Hanzer et al, 2009). NNS use has been shown to help modulate infants' sleep (Bingham et al, 2011;Pinelli & Symington, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Caregiving and positioning effects on preterm infant states over 24 hours in a neonatal unit in Taiwan

Liaw

Yang

et al. 2011

Research in Nursing & Health

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In this prospective, descriptive study, we used a repeatedmeasures design to explore the 24-hour effects of caregiving and positioning on preterm infants' states and the factors associated with state changes. Thirty preterm infants (gestational age 27.6-36.1 weeks) were observed for 3 days in the neonatal intensive care unit to record six states: quiet sleep (QS), active sleep, transition, active awake, quiet awake, and fussy or crying. The occurrences of QS increased when infants received no caregiving, social interaction, non-nutritive sucking (NNS), and were laterally positioned. However, QS significantly decreased and fussy or crying state increased when infants received routine and intrusive caregiving. These results suggest that caregiving, NNS, and positioning should be appropriately provided to facilitate infants' sleep, and reduce fussiness or crying. ß

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Caregiving and positioning effects on preterm infant states over 24 hours in a neonatal unit in Taiwan

Liaw

Yang

et al. 2011

Research in Nursing & Health

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“…In our study, we found no difference in sleep or awake time between the two groups of infants. Consistent with our findings, previous studies in term-born infants have also found no differences in sleep duration between dummy/ pacifier users and nonusers in either overnight (14) or daytime sleep studies (15,23).…”

Section: Dummy/pacifier Use and Sidssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, this recommendation has not been adopted by all countries (11). In part, the reluctance to recommend dummy/ pacifier use has been due to the lack of evidence of the mechanism underpinning the protective effects, particularly as the dummy/pacifier falls out of the mouth soon after sleep onset (14,15). Furthermore, there are concerns that dummy/pacifier use may adversely impact on breastfeeding (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dummy/pacifier use in preterm infants increases blood pressure and improves heart rate control

et al. 2015

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Background: Preterm infants are at increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Use of a dummy/ pacifier is thought to be protective against SIDS; accordingly, we assessed the effects of dummy/pacifier use on blood pressure, cerebral oxygenation, and heart rate control over the first 6 mo of life after term corrected age (CA) when SIDS risk is greatest. Methods: Thirty-five preterm infants were studied longitudinally at 2-4 wk, 2-3 mo, and 5-6 mo CA. Cardiac control was assessed from spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV) in the low frequency (LF) and the high frequency (HF) range, and the ratio of HF/LF indicating sympathovagal balance was calculated. results: Overall, at 2-3 mo, mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in the supine position in dummy/pacifier users in both quiet sleep (70 ± 2 vs. 60 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.05) and active sleep (74 ± 3 vs. 69 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.05). Dummy/pacifier users had higher LF HRV and LF/HF ratio and lower HF HRV. conclusion: Dummy/pacifier use increased blood pressure during sleep, at the age of greatest SIDS risk. Overall, LF HRV was elevated and HF HRV reduced in dummy/pacifier users, suggesting that dummy use alters cardiac control in preterm infants.

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“…Physiologic studies of the effect of pacifier use on arousal are conflicting; 1 study found that pacifier use decreased arousal thresholds, 163 but others have found no effects on arousability with pacifier use. 256,257 It is common for the pacifier to fall from the mouth soon after the infant falls asleep; even so, the protective effect persists throughout that sleep period. 163,258 Two studies have shown that pacifier use is most protective when used for all sleep periods.…”

Section: Consider Offering a Pacifier At Naptime And Bedtimementioning

confidence: 99%

SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Evidence Base for 2016 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment

Moon¹

2016

Pediatrics

482

446

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Approximately 3500 infants die annually in the United States from sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), ill-defined deaths, and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. After an initial decrease in the 1990s, the overall sleep-related infant death rate has not declined in more recent years. Many of the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths are strikingly similar. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a safe sleep environment that can reduce the risk of all sleep-related infant deaths. Recommendations for a safe sleep environment include supine positioning, use of a firm sleep surface, room-sharing without bed-sharing, and avoidance of soft bedding and overheating. Additional recommendations for SIDS risk reduction include avoidance of exposure to smoke, alcohol, and illicit drugs; breastfeeding; routine immunization; and use of a pacifier. New evidence and rationale for recommendations are presented for skin-to-skin care for newborn infants, bedside and in-bed sleepers, sleeping on couches/armchairs and in sitting devices, and use of soft bedding after 4 months of age. In addition, expanded recommendations for infant sleep location are included. The recommendations and strength of evidence for each recommendation are published in the accompanying policy statement, “SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment,” which is included in this issue.

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Pacifier use does not alter the frequency or duration of spontaneous arousals in sleeping infants

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Caregiving and positioning effects on preterm infant states over 24 hours in a neonatal unit in Taiwan

Caregiving and positioning effects on preterm infant states over 24 hours in a neonatal unit in Taiwan

Dummy/pacifier use in preterm infants increases blood pressure and improves heart rate control

SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Evidence Base for 2016 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment

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