The number of implantations of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), as well as the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), is on the rise as the population ages. At the same time, regardless of the need for CIED implantation, many elderly patients require long-term anticoagulation therapy to prevent stroke. Those patients are considered a group of higher risk of perioperative complications of CIED implantation. This review article provides a summary of the indications, possibilities, and challenges of anticoagulation treatment in elderly patients with indications for CIED implantation.