Paced Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Cardiac Parasympathetic Tone During Varying Behavioral Tasks

Grossman, Paul; Stemmler, Gerhard; Meinhardt, Erik

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb02335.x

Cited by 133 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This was documented, for instance, by Reyes del Paso and colleagues [7] who found that both pharmacologically induced inhibition and augmentation of vagal activity are accompanied by corresponding changes in the sensitivity of the reflex. The same study revealed a substantial correlation of baroreflex sensitivity with respiratory sinus arrhythmia, which constitutes a widely accepted measure of parasympathetic tone [40][41][42]. The present study revealed significant changes during autonomic stimulation in the employed indices of baroreflex function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Quantification of Cardiac Baroreflex Function at Rest and during Autonomic Stimulation

Duschek

Paso

2007

J. Physiol. Sci

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The cardiac baroreflex constitutes an important mechanism mediating autonomic control of heart activity. Its function can be quantified by applying sequence analysis based on continuous recordings of blood pressure and heart rate. In this study, several indices derived from this method were compared regarding their suitability to estimate baroreflex function at rest and during autonomic stimulation. A cold pressor test was used to induce vagal withdrawal. Changes in the following indices evoked by this procedure were examined: baroreflex sensitivity (the extent of changes in heart period following blood pressure fluctuations), baroreflex effectiveness (the relative frequency in which the reflex responds to blood pressure fluctuations), and baroreflex power (the reflex operations in a defined period). The values of all indices decreased during autonomic stimulation. The strongest and most consistent effect, however, was observed for baroreflex sensitivity, suggesting that this parameter is the most sensitive to changes in parasympathetic tone among the three parameters. Baroreflex sensitivity also proved to differentiate between individuals with higher and lower resting blood pressure. Therefore, this index may best reflect the well-known involvement of the baroreflex in the long-term setting of blood pressure. Midrange correlations between the indices of baroreflex function suggest that they quantify similar, though not identical, aspects of baroreflex function. This study supports the use of sequence analysis as a reliable tool for the quantification of parasympathetic cardiac control. The sensitivity index must be considered the most relevant to quantify baroreflex function among the three parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Quantification of Cardiac Baroreflex Function at Rest and during Autonomic Stimulation

Duschek

Paso

2007

J. Physiol. Sci

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“…Recent studies have also suggested that cardiac vagal tone and RSA may actually dissociate under specific conditions related to alterations of ventilatory control (21,43). Consequently, much care must be taken when employing any RSA measure as an index of cardiac vagal tone; although under many conditions, RSA, if prudently assessed, may still largely reflect parasympathetic activity (e.g., 4,6,15,17,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cardiac vagal control, and daily activity

Grossman¹,

Wilhelm²,

Spoerle³

2004

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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146

125

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Grossman, P, F. H. Wilhelm, and M. Spoerle. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cardiac vagal control, and daily activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H728 -H734, 2004. First published January 29, 2004 10.1152/ajpheart.00825.2003.-Ambulatory respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) or high-frequency heart rate (HR) variability is frequently employed as an index of cardiac parasympathetic control and related to risk or severity of cardiovascular disease. However, laboratory studies indicate variations in physical activity and respiratory parameters of rate and tidal volume may confound estimation of vagal activity. Because little is known about these relations outside the laboratory, we examined ambulatory relations among RSA, respiration, physical activity, and HR during waking hours by employing a multichannel monitoring system. Forty healthy young-to-middle aged adults underwent daytime monitoring that included continuous registration of the ECG, respiration (inductance plethysmography), and accelerometry motion activity. Within-individual regression analyses were performed to examine minute-to-minute relations between RSA and respiration, HR, and indexes of physical activity (minute ventilation and motion). HR changes were assumed to be strongly related to within-individual variations of vagal tone. RSA adjusted for respiratory parameters and unadjusted RSA were compared for strength of prediction of other measures. Unadjusted RSA was related to respiratory parameters (R ϭ 0.80) and moderately predicted minute-tominute HR and activity variances (means ϭ 56%, HR; 48%, minute ventilation; and 37%, motion). Adjusted RSA predicted significantly more HR and activity variance (means ϭ 75%, 76%, and 57%, respectively) with narrower confidence intervals. We conclude that ambulatory RSA magnitude is associated with respiratory variations and physical activity. Adjustment for respiratory parameters substantially improves relations between RSA and significantly vagally mediated HR and physical activity. Concurrent monitoring of respiration and physical activity may enhance HR variability accuracy to predict autonomic control.high-frequency heart rate variability; respiration; autonomic control; ambulatory monitoring; metabolic activity RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA (RSA), or high-frequency heart rate (HR) variability (HRV), is frequently employed as a measure of cardiac vagal tone under ambulatory conditions. Among both patients and healthy persons, ambulatory RSA measures are increasingly used to elucidate patterns of autonomic modulation of cardiovascular control and to index disease risk or severity (7,10,25,33).A number of human and animal studies confirm that HR changes during mild-to-moderate increase and decrease in physical activity are under parasympathetic control to a significant degree (5, 9, 11, 15, 23, 26, 34, 36, 40 -42, 52). Therefore, fluctuations in daily physical activity, which are typically moderate in magnitude (e.g., walking at slow to moderate pace), should importantly reflect variations in cardiac ...

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“…Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) represents a measure of cardiac vagal tone characterized by heart rate (BBI) fluctuations that are in phase with inspiration and expiration [33]. RSA is based on the shortening BBI during inspiration and the lengthening of BBI during expiration.…”

Section: Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Heart Rate, Respiration and Cardiorespiratory Coupling in Patients with Schizophrenia

Schulz

Bär

Voss

2015

Entropy

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Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder associated with a significantly increased cardiovascular mortality rate. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to this cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not fully known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the cardiorespiratory influence by investigating heart rate, respiration and the causal strength and direction of cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC), based mainly on entropy measures. We investigated 23 non-medicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ), comparing them to 23 age-and gender-matched healthy controls (CO). A significantly reduced complexity was found for the heart rate and a significantly increased complexity in respiration and CRC in SZ patients when compared to corresponding measurements from CO (p < 0.001). CRC analyses revealed a clear coupling, with a driver-responder relationship from respiration to heart rate in SZ patients. Moreover, a slight driver-responder relationship from heart rate to respiration could be recognized. These findings lead to the assumption that SZ should be considered to be a high-risk group for CVD. We hypothesize that the varying cardiorespiratory regulation contributes to the increased risk for cardiac mortality. Therefore, regular monitoring of the cardiorespiratory status of SZ is suggested to identify autonomic regulation impairment at an early stage-to develop timely and effective treatment and intervention strategies. OPEN ACCESSEntropy 2015, 17 484

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Paced Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Cardiac Parasympathetic Tone During Varying Behavioral Tasks

Cited by 133 publications

References 20 publications

Quantification of Cardiac Baroreflex Function at Rest and during Autonomic Stimulation

Quantification of Cardiac Baroreflex Function at Rest and during Autonomic Stimulation

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cardiac vagal control, and daily activity

Analyses of Heart Rate, Respiration and Cardiorespiratory Coupling in Patients with Schizophrenia

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