PACAP and VIP inhibit pyloric muscle through VIP/PACAP-preferring receptors

Parkman, Henry P.; Pagano, Anthony P.; Ryan, James P.

doi:10.1016/s0167-0115(97)01031-8

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a 28mer neuropeptide acting as neurotransmitter and inhibitor of the pyloric muscle 12 . Recently, this pleiotropic neuropeptide has been considered as key player involved in the maintenance of neuro‐endocrine immune systems communication 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐dependent association of idiopathic achalasia with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 gene

Paladini

Cocco

Cascino

et al. 2009

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Idiopathic achalasia is a rare disorder of the oesophagus of unknown aetio-pathogenesis characterized by a myenteric inflammation, aperistalsis and insufficient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), present in the myenteric plexus, is involved in smooth muscle relaxation and acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The human VIP receptor 1 gene (VIPR1) is highly polymorphic and may play a role in idiopathic achalasia. One hundred and four consecutive patients and 300 random controls from the same geographic area were typed for five SNPs mapping in the VIPR1 gene. Patients with idiopathic achalasia show a significant difference in allele, genotype and phenotype distribution of SNP rs437876 mapping in intron 4. This association, however, was almost entirely due to the group of patients with late disease onset (P = 0.0005). These results strongly suggest that idiopathic achalasia is a heterogeneous disease with a different aetiology in cases with early or late disease onset.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐dependent association of idiopathic achalasia with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 gene

Paladini

Cocco

Cascino

et al. 2009

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…49 The best-characterized function of VIP is the relaxation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle cells, with a major role in the control of the gut sphincteric regions. 50 VIP enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Transgenic mice overexpressing the human VIP gene in pancreatic beta cells exhibit lower blood glucose levels in the fed state compared to controls.…”

Section: Vasoactive Intestinal Peptidementioning

confidence: 94%

Control of Glucose Homeostasis by Incretin Hormones

Perfetti¹,

Brown²,

Velikina³

et al. 1999

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

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In humans as well as in other animal species, the ingestion of food provides the fundamental source of energy for various cellular activities. The intake of food and the ability of controlling the plasma levels of substrates for energy production involve complex mechanisms that ensure a constantly adequate supply of metabolites both in the fasting and in the fed state. A number of hormonal peptides released from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in response to the ingestion of food have been shown to play a critical role in the postprandial control of glucose homeostasis. They are known to act through three main mechanisms of action. These include; (1) stimulation of insulin secretion of pancreatic islet (beta) cells; (2) inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by suppression of glucagon secretion; and (3) inhibition of GI motility. While for some of these hormones all three mechanisms of action are utilized under physiological conditions, others preferentially use one or a combination of two mechanisms for lowering postprandial hyperglycemia. Although the term glucoincretins (or incretins, or insulinotropic hormones) etymologically only describes factors capable of inducing insulin secretion, it is more frequently used to identify a larger class of peptides that, rather than manifesting a specific mechanism of action (i.e., insulin secretion), share the ability of controlling glucose excursion in the fed state (with or without a direct insulinotropic effect). The latter more inclusive meaning, incretins, is used in this article. This review summarizes recent advances on synthesis, secretion, blood plasma patterns, and metabolism of some of the major GI regulatory peptides acting in the postprandial state.

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“…The fundus, antrum and pylorus gastric regions were identified, were cut free and then they were pinned flat with the mucosa side up in a dissecting dish filled with fresh Krebs solution. The pyloric muscle was identified as the muscle just proximal to the thinner duodenal muscle and distal to the very thick muscle of the distal antral circular muscle, as described by Parkman et al [37]. Following careful removal of the mucosa, muscle strips 2-mm wide and 10mm long from the fundic, antral and pyloric regions were dissected along the circular muscle fibres.…”

Section: Stomachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gastrointestinal effects that may follow the administration of theophylline reflect the pharmacodynamic profiles of both the parent drug and its metabolites

Psarra

Batzias

Peeters

et al. 2010

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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This study investigates the effect of theophylline along the rabbit gastrointestinal tract in comparison with the pharmacodynamic effect produced by the combined application of its three major metabolites. At concentrations up to 10(-3) m, theophylline relaxed, in a declining order from the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) to pylorus, all regions of the upper gastrointestinal tract, but only the ascending colon from the intestinal regions studied. At concentrations higher than 10(-3) m, instead of relaxing, theophylline strongly contracted the antrum and pylorus. In all three small intestinal regions, at concentrations up to 10(-3) m, theophylline produced a weak contraction, which at higher concentrations became very strong, and at 10(-2) m was comparable to that produced by a supramaximal dose of acetylcholine. The additive relaxing effect resulting from the combined application of the theophylline's metabolites was, from oesophagus to pylorus, weaker than that produced by theophylline, while on the ascending colon it was comparable to that of the parent drug. In contrast, the additive contractile effect of the metabolites on the three small intestinal regions was four to five times higher the one produced by theophylline. In conclusion, this study shows that the additive effect of the combined application of theophylline's major metabolites on the rabbit gastrointestinal tract plays a major role in the final response of the intestine, and a minor one in the final responses of the gastric regions, while both the parent drug and the metabolites contribute to the final responses of the oesophagus and LOS.

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PACAP and VIP inhibit pyloric muscle through VIP/PACAP-preferring receptors

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Age‐dependent association of idiopathic achalasia with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 gene

Age‐dependent association of idiopathic achalasia with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 gene

Control of Glucose Homeostasis by Incretin Hormones

The gastrointestinal effects that may follow the administration of theophylline reflect the pharmacodynamic profiles of both the parent drug and its metabolites

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