PA-X protein of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus suppresses the innate immunity of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Qin, Tao; Chen, Yulian; Huangfu, Dandan; Miao, Xinyu; Yin, Yinyan; Yin, Yuncong; Chen, Sujuan; Peng, Daxin; Liu, Xiufan

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2022.102304

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, the PA-X protein downregulated the expression of phenotypic markers (CD40, CD86, and MHC II) and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-12 and IL-1β) of chBM-DCs. Taken together, these findings indicated that PA-X protein is a key viral protein that helps H9N2 subtype AIVs escape the innate immunity of chBM-DCs ( Qin et al, 2023 ). In addition, PA-X acts as a positive viral replication regulator and interacts with host proteins to inhibit IFN expression ( Figure 4B ) ( Rigby et al, 2019 ; Hu et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Iav Escapes From Innate Immunementioning

confidence: 86%

Virus versus host: influenza A virus circumvents the immune responses

Su,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing dreadful losses to humans and animals around the globe. As is known, immune escape is a strategy that benefits the proliferation of IAVs by antagonizing, blocking, and suppressing immune surveillance. The HA protein binds to the sialic acid (SA) receptor to enter the cytoplasm and initiate viral infection. The conserved components of the viral genome produced during replication, known as the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are thought to be critical factors for the activation of effective innate immunity by triggering dependent signaling pathways after recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), followed by a cascade of adaptive immunity. Viral infection-induced immune responses establish an antiviral state in the host to effectively inhibit virus replication and enhance viral clearance. However, IAV has evolved multiple mechanisms that allow it to synthesize and transport viral components by “playing games” with the host. At its heart, this review will describe how host and viral factors interact to facilitate the viral evasion of host immune responses.

show abstract

Section: Iav Escapes From Innate Immunementioning

confidence: 86%

Virus versus host: influenza A virus circumvents the immune responses

Su,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although being classified as LPAIV, H9N2 can also cause immunosuppression [ 43 , 44 ] as well as decreased egg production in the poultry industry, and cause significant morbidity and mortality in chickens while co-infection with other subtypes of AIV and bacteria [ 4 ]. Notably, Co-infections of H9N2 and other subtypes of AIV highlight the possibility of emergence of novel viral reassortment with unanticipated phenotypes [ 45–47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China

Wang

Liu

Guo

et al. 2023

Emerging Microbes & Infections

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose an increasing threat to the poultry industry worldwide and have pandemic potential. Vaccination has been principal prevention strategy to control H9N2 in China since 1998, but vaccine effectiveness is persistently challenged by the emergence of the genetic and/or antigenic variants. Here, we analysed the genetic and antigenic characteristics of H9N2 viruses in China, including 70 HA sequences of H9N2 isolates from poultry, 7358 from online databases during 2010–2020, and 15 from the early reference strains. Bayesian analyses based on hemagglutinin (HA) gene revealed that a new designated clade16 emerged in April 2012, and was prevalent and co-circulated with clade 15 since 2013 in China. Clade 16 viruses exhibited decreased cross-reactivity with those from clade 15. Antigenic Cartography analyses showed represent strains were classified into three antigenic groups named as Group1, Group2 and Group3, and most of the strains in Group 3 (15/17, 88.2%) were from Clade 16 while most of the strains in Group2 (26/29, 89.7%) were from Clade 15. The mean distance between Group 3 and Group 2 was 4.079 (95%CI 3.605–4.554), revealing that major switches to antigenic properties were observed over the emergence of clade 16. Genetic analysis indicated that 11 coevolving amino acid substitutions primarily at antigenic sites were associated with the antigenic differences between clade 15 and clade 16. These data highlight complexities of the genetic evolution and provide a framework for the genetic basis and antigenic characterization of emerging clade 16 of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus.

show abstract

“…Avian influenza ( AI ) is one of the most severe viral respiratory illnesses that affect poultry and cause enormous economic losses ( Setta et al, 2023 ; Yehia et al, 2023 ). Especially when coupled with other co-infections, the H9N2 AI is a dangerous immunosuppressive virus that poses a threat to the poultry industry ( Kwon et al, 2008 ; Arafat et al, 2018 , Arafat et al, 2020 ; Qin et al, 2023 ). Vaccination programs using an efficient vaccine against H9N2 AI virus and biosecurity measures could prevent the spread of H9N2 AI ( Naguib et al, 2015 ; Awadin et al, 2019 ; Abd El-Hack et al, 2022a ; Setta et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of Spirulina extract on pathogenicity, immune response, and vaccine efficacy against H9N2 avian influenza virus in specific pathogen free chickens

Yehia,

Mohamed,

Al-Zaban

et al. 2024

Poultry Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PA-X protein of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus suppresses the innate immunity of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Virus versus host: influenza A virus circumvents the immune responses

Virus versus host: influenza A virus circumvents the immune responses

Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China

The influence of Spirulina extract on pathogenicity, immune response, and vaccine efficacy against H9N2 avian influenza virus in specific pathogen free chickens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About