PA—Precision Agriculture

Holownicki, R.; Doruchowski, G.; Godyń, A.; Swiechowski, W.

doi:10.1006/jaer.2000.0587

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This is in line with the conclusion of (Holownicki et al, 2000). They also observed that the sprayers with directed spouts gave a higher in canopy deposition than the conventional axial and cross flow sprayers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The pesticide deposition on the canopy can directly or indirectly be affected by the plant architecture, the physico-chemical properties of the pesticide, the meteorological conditions and the used spraying technique, among others (Catania et al, 2011;Celen et al, 2008;Cross et al, 2001;Dorr et al, 2013;Jaeken et al, 2001;Nuyttens et al, 2009;Pergher and Gubiani, 1995;Rosell and Sanz, 2012;Vallet and Tinet, 2013). In particular, the efficacy of air assisted orchard sprayers strongly depends on the magnitude and quality of the air jet generated (Holownicki et al, 2000;Panneton et al, 2005). Sprayers vary in the type of fan generating the air flow, the number and position of fans, nozzle configuration and the type of outlet design directing the airflow to the target and this adds to the complexity of the process to the extent that it is difficult to derive general guidelines for applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spray deposition profiles in pome fruit trees: Effects of sprayer design, training system and tree canopy characteristics

Duga

Ruysen²,

Dekeyser³

et al. 2015

Crop Protection

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Air assisted orchard sprayers are characterized by a strong airflow that carries the pesticide droplets to the target canopy and assist in moving the plant parts to allow deposition throughout the whole tree. It has been shown before that different designs of orchard sprayers result in different airflow profiles, but it is still unclear whether these differences strongly affect on-target spray distribution, and what is the role of tree architecture. Here we present an in-field analysis of the on-target deposition profiles from three distinct sprayer types in trees of four different apple and pear training systems. 2The results obtained showed that there was a strong relationship between the vertical leaf deposition profile and the outlet air flow pattern from the sprayers. Stronger air assistance (higher air speed) was directly correlated to a higher on-target deposition. It was also observed that directing nozzles towards the target is always an advantage irrespective of tree architecture.Tree characteristics such as total leaf cover, leaf wall porosity and tree volume strongly affected the total on-target deposition, further confirming previous claims that ground surface area alone is an incorrect measure for dose calculation in fruit trees.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray deposition profiles in pome fruit trees: Effects of sprayer design, training system and tree canopy characteristics

Duga

Ruysen²,

Dekeyser³

et al. 2015

Crop Protection

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“…Equation (6) was extended from 7.70 to 2 m/s, and (8) was extended from 0 to 2 m/s, as shown in Table 3. Due to the complexity of Equation (7), which was carried over to the second and third linear piecewise portions, (7 ) and (7"), respectively, a simpler combination was made based only on Equations (6) and (8). Equation (6) was extended from 7.70 to 2 m/s, and (8) was extended from 0 to 2 m/s, as shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas, for the third linear piecewise n, the new x = x in = x i3 was obtained (Table 1) by the solution of the implicit Equation (7), relative to the second linear piecewise n, by imposing v x = 2 m/s. Solution (7) can be applied to the second linear piecewise n by inserting n = 2 and taking the number (7 ). Similarly, the same (7) can be applied to the third linear piecewise n by inserting n = 3 and taking the number (7").…”

Section: Solution Of the Linear Ode Series And Their Combinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, to help understand the experimental results, it is useful to find an equation that relates the air jet velocity vs. the distance from the output of the sprayer fan when air passes through the canopy. This equation could also be helpful to equip sprayers with an automatic controller that sets the fan speed in order to maintain the optimum air jet velocity at exit of the canopy, both for the row width [1] and for the growth stage [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Approximate Analytic Solution to a Non-Linear ODE for Air Jet Velocity Decay through Tree Crops Using Piecewise Linear Emulations and Rectangle Functions

Friso

2019

Applied Sciences

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Featured Application: to protect orchards and vineyards from pests, the correct speed of air that carries the agrochemical drops in the canopy is very important. Too slow an air jet compromises the uniformity of spray deposition, while an excessive air speed leads to significant loss of agrochemicals in the environment (≥50%). The present work proposes a mathematical tool to develop a self-regulation system for the air-fans of orchard sprayers. Abstract:The velocity of air that crosses the canopy of tree crops when using orchard sprayers is a variable that affects pesticide dispersion in the environment. Therefore, having an equation to describe air velocity decay through the canopy is of interest. It was necessary to start from a more general non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) obtained from the momentum theorem. After approximating the non-linearity with some piecewise linear terms, analytic solutions were found. Subsequently, to obtain a single equation for velocity decay, a combination of these solutions was proposed by using rectangle functions formed through the hyperbolic tangent function. This single equation was assessed in comparison to the experimental value obtained on a vineyard row by measuring the air velocity at exit of canopy. The results have shown good correspondence, with a mean relative error of 6.6%; moreover, there was no significant difference. To simplify, a combination of only two linearized solutions was also proposed. Again, there was no significant difference between the experimental value and the predicted one, but the mean relative error between the two equations was 3.6%.

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Spray coverage and pest management efficacy of a solid set canopy delivery system in high density apples

Owen-Smith

Perry

Wise

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Air blast sprayers are not optimized for spraying the short statured trees in modern apple orchards, resulting in off target drift and variable coverage. A solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) consisting of a microsprayer array distributed throughout the orchard was investigated as a replacement agrochemical application method in this study. SSCDS's have the potential to optimize coverage, rapidly spray applications, and remove the operator and tractor from the orchard. RESULTS: Air blast and SSCDS applications were compared using water sensitive paper, bioassays, and pest damage assessments. Pest management and coverage were compared using application volumes of 700 and 795 L ha −1 , respectively. In 2013, adaxial coverage measurements showed no difference between the treatments, but air blast sprayers had higher coverage levels on the abaxial surfaces. There were no significant differences in coverage in 2014. Bioassays using Choristoneura rosaceana fed on leaf discs treated by the SSCDS displayed 95.8% mortality in 2013 and 94.2% mortality in 2014, and air blast treated larval mortality was 95% in 2013 and 100% in 2014. Damage evaluations in both years generally showed no significant differences between the air blast plots and the SSCDS plots, but significant differences between the treated plots and untreated control. CONCLUSIONS: The prototype SSCDS was an effective pest management tool in high density apples, and offered a number of advantages over an air blast. Further engineering and research into coverage optimization would offer producers a novel tool for foliar agrochemical applications.

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PA—Precision Agriculture

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Spray deposition profiles in pome fruit trees: Effects of sprayer design, training system and tree canopy characteristics

Spray deposition profiles in pome fruit trees: Effects of sprayer design, training system and tree canopy characteristics

An Approximate Analytic Solution to a Non-Linear ODE for Air Jet Velocity Decay through Tree Crops Using Piecewise Linear Emulations and Rectangle Functions

Spray coverage and pest management efficacy of a solid set canopy delivery system in high density apples

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