P300-based detection of concealed autobiographical versus incidentally acquired information in target and non-target paradigms

Rosenfeld, J. Peter; Biroschak, Julianne R.; Furedy, John J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.06.002

Cited by 98 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In some cases results were over 80% or 90% accurate (Johnson and Rosenfeld 1992;Lui and Rosenfeld 2008;Rosenfeld et al 1991Rosenfeld et al , 2004Rosenfeld et al , 2006. In some cases Rosenfeld et al's results were no better than chance or less than chance (Rosenfeld et al 2004(Rosenfeld et al , 2006(Rosenfeld et al , 2007. None of their techniques approached the requirement of less than 1% error rate across all studies and less than 5% error rate in every individual study that is necessary in our view for a technique to be viable for field use.…”

Section: Non-brain Fingerprinting Research On Brainwave-based Concealmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…All studies with extremely low accuracy rates have failed to meet this standard, including Mertens and Allen (2008), Mertens et al (2003), Miyake et al (1993), Rosenfeld et al (2007), and some conditions of Rosenfeld et al (2006) and Rosenfeld et al (2004). (For discussion see also Roberts 2007).…”

Section: Non-brain Fingerprinting Research On Brainwave-based Concealmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Brain fingerprinting standards 4-7, 14, 15, and 17. ) This error and its consequences are illustrated by a series of experiments conducted by colleagues (see Farwell 2011a, b, 2012;Lui and Rosenfeld 2008;Johnson and Rosenfeld 1992;Rosenfeld et al 1987Rosenfeld et al , 1988Rosenfeld et al , 1991Rosenfeld et al , 2004Rosenfeld et al , 2006. All of Rosenfeld and colleagues' studies failed to meet 12-17 of the 20 brain fingerprinting standards, including standards 14, 15, and 17 in every case (see Farwell 2011aFarwell , b, 2012.…”

Section: Non-brain Fingerprinting Research On Brainwave-based Concealmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain fingerprinting: a comprehensive tutorial review of detection of concealed information with event-related brain potentials

Farwell¹

2012

Cogn Neurodyn

163

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Brain fingerprinting (BF) detects concealed information stored in the brain by measuring brainwaves. A specific EEG event-related potential, a P300-MERMER, is elicited by stimuli that are significant in the present context. BF detects P300-MERMER responses to words/ pictures relevant to a crime scene, terrorist training, bombmaking knowledge, etc. BF detects information by measuring cognitive information processing. BF does not detect lies, stress, or emotion. BF computes a determination of ''information present'' or ''information absent'' and a statistical confidence for each individual determination. Laboratory and field tests at the FBI, CIA, US Navy and elsewhere have resulted in 0% errors: no false positives and no false negatives. 100% of determinations made were correct. 3% of results have been ''indeterminate.'' BF has been applied in criminal cases and ruled admissible in court. Scientific standards for BF tests are discussed. Meeting the BF scientific standards is necessary for accuracy and validity. Alternative techniques that failed to meet the BF scientific standards produced low accuracy and susceptibility to countermeasures. BF is highly resistant to countermeasures. No one has beaten a BF test with countermeasures, despite a $100,000 reward for doing so. Principles of applying BF in the laboratory and the field are discussed.

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Section: Non-brain Fingerprinting Research On Brainwave-based Concealmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Non-brain Fingerprinting Research On Brainwave-based Concealmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-brain Fingerprinting Research On Brainwave-based Concealmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Brain fingerprinting: a comprehensive tutorial review of detection of concealed information with event-related brain potentials

Farwell¹

2012

Cogn Neurodyn

163

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“…Samples between 550 and 800 ms resulted in (almost) as high classification accuracy as the epoch around the P300 (i.e., between 300 and 550 ms). Several P300 papers show a similar difference between targets and standards [10,18,[47][48][49]. However, though the figures show a negativity after the P300 for targets versus standards, none of the authors comment on the effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Several groups built P300 BCIs that, for instance, allow participants to spell a word [5][6][7][8], to control a wheelchair [9], to switch devices on or off in a virtual room [10], and to stop a virtual car [11]. Apart from P300s elicited by a voluntarily attended stimulus, low-level perceptual properties [12][13][14], rareness [15,16], and inherent meaning [17,18] can make a stimulus stand out from other stimuli and produce a P300. This means that P300s are both under influence of bottom-up and top-down processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile, Visual, and Bimodal P300s: Could Bimodal P300s Boost BCI Performance?

Brouwer¹,

Erp²,

Aloise

et al. 2010

SRX Neuroscience

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The P300 is a positive peak in EEG occurring after presentation of a target stimulus. For brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), eliciting P300s by tactile stimuli would have specific advantages; the display can be hidden under clothes and keeps the user's gaze free. In addition, robust classification is especially important for BCIs. This motivated us to investigate P300s in response to tactile and visual stimuli unimodally and bimodally. Tactile stimuli were delivered by tactors around the participant's waist. Visual stimuli were flashed circles on a monitor, schematically representing the tactors. Participants attended to the vibrations and/or flashes of a "target" presented in a stream of standards. The P300 amplitude for the different modalities was comparable in size and depended on electrode location. Classification accuracy was highest in the bimodal condition. We conclude that bimodal stimuli could enhance classification results within a BCI context compared to unimodal presentations.

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Brain Fingerprinting: Detection of Concealed Information

Farwell¹

2014

Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science

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Brain fingerprinting is a technique to detect concealed information stored in the brain by measuring brainwave responses noninvasively. An electroencephalographic event‐related potential brain response known as a P300‐MERMER is elicited by stimuli that are significant in the present context. Brain fingerprinting detects a P300‐MERMER response to words or pictures relevant to a crime scene, terrorist training, bomb‐making knowledge, inside knowledge of a terrorist cell or intelligence agency, and so on. It detects information stored in the brain by measuring cognitive information processing. The brain fingerprinting method computes a determination of “information present” or “information absent” and a statistical confidence for the individual determination. Brain fingerprinting is not lie detection. It does not detect lies, stress, or emotion. In the tests conducted so far, including laboratory and field tests at the FBI, CIA, US Navy, and elsewhere, there has been a 0% error rate: no false positives and no false negatives. About 3% of results have been “indeterminate”. Brain fingerprinting has been applied in criminal cases and ruled admissible in trial court. Scientific standards for brain fingerprinting tests are discussed. Meeting the brain fingerprinting scientific standards developed from the tests so far is necessary for accuracy and validity. Brain fingerprinting is highly resistant to countermeasures. Principles of applying brain fingerprinting in the laboratory and the field are discussed.

show abstract

P300-based detection of concealed autobiographical versus incidentally acquired information in target and non-target paradigms

Cited by 98 publications

References 20 publications

Brain fingerprinting: a comprehensive tutorial review of detection of concealed information with event-related brain potentials

Brain fingerprinting: a comprehensive tutorial review of detection of concealed information with event-related brain potentials

Tactile, Visual, and Bimodal P300s: Could Bimodal P300s Boost BCI Performance?

Brain Fingerprinting: Detection of Concealed Information

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