P2Y12 Inhibitors versus Aspirin Monotherapy for Long-term Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The Signaling Pathway of the ADP Receptor P2Y12 in the Immune System: Recent Discoveries and New Challenges

“…As mentioned above, P2Y 12 has been found in different cell types of the vascular, such as endothelial cells [ 67 ], vascular smooth muscle cells [ 65 ], and immune cells [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] which suggests a role of P2Y 12 in cardiovascular physiology and as a pharmacological target in related diseases. Indeed, some clinical studies have shown that P2Y 12 blockers are more effective than aspirin in patients with ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) of atherosclerotic origin [ 107 , 109 ]. The pharmacologic blockade [ 110 , 111 ] or genetic deletion [ 112 ] of P2Y 12 can improve atherosclerosis lesion development, evidenced by a reduction in plaque size, an increase in fiber content of the plaques, and a decrease in inflammatory molecule levels (e.g., P-/E-selectin) [ 110 , 111 ].…”

Antiplatelet therapy in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: A clinical perspective

“…Antiplatelet drugs can be divided into those that block membrane receptors and those that block intracellular signaling. The former are divided into P2Y12 receptor blockers, GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibition and protease-activated receptor 1 PAR1 inhibitors; the latter include COX-1 inhibitors, PDE5 inhibitors and PDE3 inhibitors ( 10 – 12 ).…”

“…P2Y12 receptor blockers are used to inhibit the activation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor complex by binding to the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P2Y12 receptor on the platelet surface, as it plays an important role in platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Representative drugs for P2Y12 receptor blockers include oral clopidogrel and prasugrel, parenteral use of Cangrelor and Selatogre ( 10 ); The GPIIb/IIIa receptor is one of the key integrins involved in platelet aggregation and therefore also involved in thrombosis, represented by drugs including Abciximab, Eptfibatide, and Tirfiban ( 11 ), protease-activated receptor 1 PAR1 inhibitors (e.g., vorapaxar), which by antagonizing PAR-1 receptor expression can inhibit the platelet activation process and thus exert antithrombotic efficacy ( 12 ).…”