Abstract:Introduction: Several aspects of breast cancer onset and disease progression have been linked to members of the TGFβ superfamily and their associated downstream signaling components, the Smads. Alterations in Smad signaling have been directly implicated in the dichotomous role of TGFβ in malignancy, enacting both tumor suppressant and tumor promoting behaviors in breast carcinogenesis. Our previous work characterized Smad3 as a tumor suppressor and found that Smad3 action is inhibited upon phosphorylation by c… Show more
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