p16 Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma:An Entity With a Favorable Prognosis Regardless of Tumor HPV Status

Lewis, James S.; Thorstad, Wade L.; Chernock, Rebecca D.; Haughey, Bruce H.; Yip, James H.; Zhang, Qin; El‐Mofty, Samir K.

doi:10.1097/pas.0b013e3181e84652

Cited by 363 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The HPV types have also been grouped into mucosal or cutaneous types, based on their tropism for specific epithelial sites. Mucosal HPV types found preferentially in precancerous and cancerous lesions have been designated as 'high-risk' types and these include types 16,18,31,33,34,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59, 66, 68, and 70. Mucosal HPVs found in benign genital warts and other non-malignant lesions are generally labeled as 'low-risk' types, the most important ones being HPV 6,11,42,43, and 44 [1,2].…”

Section: Human Papillomaviruses (Structure and Classification)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As was discussed earlier, not all viral genomes will replicate and in chronic infection replication can be activated every now and then. It has been suggested that the detection of E6 and E7 mRNAs would thus be the method of choice in HNSCC, together with p16 expression which is a surrogate marker for HPV [58]. However, one has to remember that p16 is also up-regulated in cellular senescence.…”

Section: Hpv and Head And Neck Cancer (Hnscc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis

Rautava

Syrjänen

2012

Head and Neck Pathol

121

133

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Section: Human Papillomaviruses (Structure and Classification)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hpv and Head And Neck Cancer (Hnscc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis

Rautava

Syrjänen

2012

Head and Neck Pathol

121

133

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“…These tumors may present as different variants distinct from the typical keratinizingtype SCC, including nonkeratinizing [5,6], basaloid [7,8], and papillary SCC [9] and also undifferentiated carcinoma [10]. It has also been documented in several studies that HPV-related carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract have more favorable prognosis than HPV negative ones [11][12][13]. Most previous studies investigated HPV in tumors using DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [14] while in more recent years DNA-based in situ hybridization (ISH) has been used [5,13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Relationship to Human Papillomavirus and Review of the Literature

Masand

El‐Mofty

et al. 2011

Head and Neck Pathol

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129

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Adenosquamous carcinoma (ADSC) of the head and neck is an aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Certain variants of head and neck SCC are human papillomavirus (HPV)-related and have better prognosis. The relationship of HPV to head and neck ADSC has not been investigated. We searched our files for the term ''adenosquamous'' and head and neck subsites and found cases from 1998 to 2009. The requisite histologic criteria were the presence of SCC combined with distinct gland formation and/or intracellular mucin. DNA in situ hybridization for high-risk HPV, RNA in situ hybridization for high risk HPV E6 and E7 transcripts, and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53 were performed. The existing literature on ADSC was also reviewed. Of the 18 cases, eight were from the larynx and hypopharynx, four from the oral cavity, three from the oropharynx, and three from the nasal cavity. Three cases (16%) showed both high risk HPV E6 and E7 and p16 expression, one from the nasal cavity and two from the oropharynx. Both oropharyngeal carcinoma patients were alive and disease free at 34 and 103 months, respectively. ADSCs of the head and neck are a heterogeneous group of tumors. A small minority of cases harbor HPV and most of these, particularly those occurring at sites with known high prevalence of HPV, show active viral transcription with detectable E6 and E7 and overexpression of p16. The HPV-related oropharyngeal cases, though rare, appear to do very well clinically, while the remaining cohort of ADSC patients do quite poorly. Head and neck ADSC appears to be a mixed variant that can be further classified according to its HPV status.

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“…Basaloid and warty morphologies are characteristic of HPV-associated squamous cell carcinomas and have been shown to correlate with viral status in oropharyngeal, 8 vulvar, 5 penile, 38 and anal carcinomas. 53 Bladder squamous cell carcinoma very rarely shows basaloid/warty features, which is consistent with the infrequent finding of HPV in bladder squamous cell carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 The oncogenic role of HPV is also well established for a subset of squamous cell carcinomas in the vulva, 5 penis, 6 anus, 7 and oropharynx. 8 The possible role of HPV infection in bladder tumors has not been completely elucidated as HPV detection rates vary widely from 0 to 100%, depending on the study. 9,10 An intriguing issue has been the possible association of the virus with bladder squamous cell carcinoma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urothelial carcinoma with prominent squamous differentiation in the setting of neurogenic bladder: role of human papillomavirus infection

et al. 2012

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Squamous cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder are rare in the Western world; the majority of cases are reported in countries endemic to Schistosoma parasitic infections. Unlike squamous tumors of the uterine cervix or oropharynx, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is not commonly associated with bladder squamous cell carcinomas. We report on two cases of HPV-positive urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder with extensive squamous differentiation showing the typical basaloid, poorly differentiated morphology of HPV-associated tumors. These occurred in patients with neurogenic bladders who had long-standing histories of selfcatheterization with tumors that tested positive for HPV by in situ hybridization. A retrospective review of our institutional database revealed four additional patients with bladder tumors showing squamous differentiation arising in the setting of neurogenic bladder. Review of these cases showed the more common welldifferentiated keratinizing appearance of squamous cell carcinomas of the bladder. These tumors showed only patchy positivity for p16 immunohistochemical stain (not the diffuse strong staining seen in HPV-positive tumors), and the one tested case was negative for HPV by in situ hybridization. HPV infection and neurogenic bladder have been independently associated with increased risk of developing carcinoma in the urinary bladder; however, this is the first report of squamous tumors arising in the setting of concurrent neurogenic bladder and HPV infection. The morphology of these tumors is similar to that of other high-risk HPV-associated squamous carcinomas with a basaloid, poorly differentiated appearance and little to no keratin formation. Modern Pathology (2012) 25, 1534-1542; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.112; published online 6 July 2012 Keywords: HPV; neurogenic bladder; squamous cell carcinoma; urothelial cancerThe human papillomavirus (HPV) has an important role as a human carcinogen, with an estimated 10% of cancers worldwide attributed to it. 1 HPV is a small circular double-stranded DNA virus with more than 100 different types described to date. 2 The potential of the virus to cause malignant or benign lesions dictates its classification into low-risk (6,11,40,42, and so on) or high-risk (16,18,31,33,45,51, and so on) types. The prototypical model for carcinogenesis is squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, in which nearly all such carcinomas are associated with HPV infection. 3,4 The oncogenic role of HPV is also well established for a subset of squamous cell carcinomas in the vulva, 5 penis, 6 anus, 7 and oropharynx. 8 The possible role of HPV infection in bladder tumors has not been completely elucidated as HPV detection rates vary widely from 0 to 100%, depending on the study. 9,10 An intriguing issue has been the possible association of the virus with bladder squamous cell carcinoma. The few published studies 11-14 on this relationship have shown a low frequency of HPV detection, implying that HPV is not likely to have a major role in the development of bladd...

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p16 Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma:An Entity With a Favorable Prognosis Regardless of Tumor HPV Status

Cited by 363 publications

References 35 publications

Biology of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis

Biology of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Relationship to Human Papillomavirus and Review of the Literature

Urothelial carcinoma with prominent squamous differentiation in the setting of neurogenic bladder: role of human papillomavirus infection

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