P137 The impact of ethnicity on the long-term sequelae of COVID-19: follow-up from the first and second waves in North London

Naidu, S. B.; Shah, AJ; Saigal, Anita; Brill, Simon; Jarvis, Hannah; Goldring, James; Wey, Emmanuel; Miller, David L.; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Hurst, John R.; Lipman, Marc; Mandal, Swapna

doi:10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.246

Cited by 1 publication

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“…[15][16][17][18][19] While there have been efforts to examine social factors potentially linked to long-term symptoms of COVID-19, findings on these relationships have been somewhat mixed. 6,8,10,12,14,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] For instance, a 2021 study in the United Kingdom (UK) found that living in high-deprivation settings was associated with both higher and lower odds of symptom persistence, depending on the measure of deprivation index used, and a 2021 study in Michigan (USA) found that lower income was both significantly associated and not associated with long COVID symptoms' prevalence, depending on the post-illness duration considered. 8,21 It is also important to highlight that many of these studies rely on self-reported binary measures of COVID recovery or continued symptomatology, some of which may be subjective classifications, with potential between-group differences in the tendency to report such experiences.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling the relative influence of socio-demographic variables on post-acute COVID-19 quality of life

Menkir,

Citarella,

Sigfrid

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundPost-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, referred to as “long COVID”, are a globally pervasive threat. While their many clinical determinants are commonly considered, their plausible social correlates are often overlooked.MethodsHere, we use data from a multinational prospective cohort study to compare social and clinical predictors of differences in quality of life with long COVID. We further measure the extent to which clinical intermediates may explain relationships between social variables and quality of life with long COVID.FindingsBeyond age, neuropsychological and rheumatological comorbidities, educational attainment, employment status, and female sex were important predictors of long COVID-associated quality of life days (long COVID QALDs). Furthermore, most of their associations could not be attributed to key long COVID-predicting comorbidities. In Norway, 90% (95% CI: 77%, 100%) of the adjusted association between belonging to the top two quintiles of educational attainment and long COVID QALDs was not explained by these clinical intermediates. The same was true for 86% (73%, 100%) and 93% (80%,100%) of the adjusted association between full-time employment and long COVID QALDs in the United Kingdom (UK) and Russia. Additionally, 77% (46%,100%) and 73% (52%, 94%) of the adjusted associations between female sex and long COVID QALDs in Norway and the UK were unexplained by the clinical mediators.InterpretationOur findings highlight that socio-economic proxies and sex are key predictors of long COVID QALDs and that other (non-clinical) mechanisms drive their observed relationships. Importantly, we outline a multi-method, adaptable causal approach for evaluating the isolated contributions of social disparities to experiences with long COVID.FundingUK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; Wellcome Trust; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Oxford COVID-19 Research Response Funding; UK National Institute for Health and Care Research; UK Medical Research Council; Public Health England; Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre; Research Council of Norway; Vivaldi Invest A/S; South Eastern Norway Health Authority

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