Abstract:Background and Aims
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was one of the three reasons of mortality with the furthermost increase from 1990 to 2010 between the top 20 killers. Environmental toxins (Lead Pb and Cadmium Cd) are hidden factors incorporated in the increased prevalence of CKD. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between CKD and alteration in blood Pb and Cd levels.
Methods
This is a case-c… Show more
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