“…Deep, dull, heavy, spreading, and electric shock sensations occurred when the needle was inserted 2–15 mm beyond the first perimuscular fascia. In a study that measures participants' De-qi sensation and pain threshold by comparing superficial needling and deep needling with and without rotation on SP6, SP9, ST36, and GB39, Choi et al [25] found that deep needling with bi-directional rotation had a marked effect in increasing both De-qi sensation and pain threshold, which is better than that of deep needling without rotation or superficial needling. Therefore, the depth of needling and the rotation manipulation have a cooperative effect in generating De-qi sensation and curative effects.…”