Abstract:BackgroundMany cancers acquire mechanisms to evade immunosurveillance by activating immune checkpoint pathways, which suppress the antitumor immune responses. Monoclonal antibodies (ab’s) targeting immune checkpoints, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, have shown excellent results in several cancers and are currently being investigated in clinical trials for various malignancies. The clinically tested a-CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab) and a-PD-1 (Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab) ab’s are fully human or humanized ab’s, respectively. How… Show more
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