P₄Activation by Main Group Elements and Compounds

Abstract

Contents 1. Introduction 4236 2. The Stability of P 4 Phosphorus with Respect to Its Allotropes and Neutral Polyphosphorus Species 4237 2.1. Allotropic Modifications of Phosphorus 4237 2.2. Stability of Neutral Polyphosphorus Species 4238 3. General Trends of P 4 Phosphorus Activation 4239 3.1. General Remarks 4239 3.2. Degradation of P 4 Phosphorus by Nucleophiles under Maintenance of P n Structural Moieties 4241 4. Activation and Degradation of P 4 Phosphorus by Main Group Elements and Compounds 4243 4.1. Activation of P 4 Phosphorus by Group 1 and 2 Elements and Compounds 4243 4.2. Activation of P 4 Phosphorus by Group 13 Element Compounds 4245 4.3. Activation and Degradation of P 4 Phosphorus by Group 14 Element Compounds 4246 4.4. Activation and Degradation of P 4 Phosphorus by Group 15 Element Compounds 4250 4.5. Activation and Degradation of P 4 Phosphorus by Group 16 and 17 Element Compounds 4251 5. Abbreviations 4252 6. Acknowledgments 4253 7. References 4253

Rare Earth Arene-Bridged Complexes Obtained by Reduction of Organometallic Precursors

“…White phosphorous (P4) activation has been long targeted by synthetic chemists (Caporali et al, 2010;Cossairt et al, 2010b;Scheer et al, 2010). Unlike main group elements and late transition metals (Caporali et al, 2010;Scheer et al, 2010), the number of Pn-containing early transition metal complexes formed from direct P4 activation is much smaller (Chirik et al, 2002;Cossairt et al, 2010b;Hey et al, 1987;Scherer et al, 1988;Seidel et al, 2009).…”

“…Unlike main group elements and late transition metals (Caporali et al, 2010;Scheer et al, 2010), the number of Pn-containing early transition metal complexes formed from direct P4 activation is much smaller (Chirik et al, 2002;Cossairt et al, 2010b;Hey et al, 1987;Scherer et al, 1988;Seidel et al, 2009). Among early transition metals, rare earths are more Lewis acidic, leading to a more pronounced mismatch in binding between their ions and phosphorous anions (Cui et al, 2008;Lv et al, 2011;Masuda et al, 2008).…”

“…Sc 3 P 7 was the first example of a Zintl-type P7 3-compound formed directly from P4 activation without using an alkali metal or its equivalent as reducing agents Charles et al, 1996;Fritz et al, 1990;Scheer et al, 2010;Schnöckelborg et al, 2011). Three types of phosphorous atoms were found to be present in Sc 3 P 7 : Papex, Pedge, and Pbottom.…”

“…P7 3-is the major product of P4 activation by strong reductants or nucleophiles as well as the "dead-end" of the decompositions of other polyphosphide species (Baudler and Glinka, 1993;Scheer et al, 2010). Intense experimental and theoretical studies have been performed on its alkali and alkali earth metal complexes.…”

P4 Activation by Lanthanum and Lutetium Naphthalene Complexes Supported by a Ferrocene Diamide Ligand

“…Though easily activated, the activation of P4 is not easily controlled. [5][6][7] P4 activation by main group and transition metals has been of long-standing interest. [5][6][7] Alkali metals and late transition metals compose the majority of examples of direct P4 activation.…”