P<scp>ROBING</scp>P<scp>LANT</scp>M<scp>ETABOLISM WITH</scp>NMR

Ratcliffe, R. G.; Shachar‐Hill, Yair

doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.499

Cited by 153 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Considering the widespread occurrence of natural products in plants, relatively few suitable histochemical (9), immunocytochemical (10), or spectroscopic techniques (11) have been developed for fine-scale localization in plant tissues. Recently, spectrometric imaging techniques have become available that are capable of mapping metabolite distribution in biological samples with cellular-like resolution (12,13). Among these is MALDI-TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight) mass spectrometric imaging that was introduced by Caprioli in 1997 (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonuniform distribution of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves has important consequences for plant defense

Shroff

Vergara

Muck

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

259

236

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The spatial distribution of plant defenses within a leaf may be critical in explaining patterns of herbivory. The generalist lepidopteran larvae, Helicoverpa armigera (the cotton bollworm), avoided the midvein and periphery of Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and fed almost exclusively on the inner lamina. This feeding pattern was attributed to glucosinolates because it was not evident in a myrosinase mutant that lacks the ability to activate glucosinolate defenses by hydrolysis. To measure the spatial distribution of glucosinolates in A. thaliana leaves at a fine scale, we constructed ion intensity maps from MALDI-TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight) mass spectra. The major glucosinolates were found to be more abundant in tissues of the midvein and the periphery of the leaf than the inner lamina, patterns that were validated by HPLC analyses of dissected leaves. In addition, there were differences in the proportions of the three major glucosinolates in different leaf regions. Hence, the distribution of glucosinolates within the leaf appears to control the feeding preference of H. armigera larvae. The preferential allocation of glucosinolates to the periphery may play a key role in the defense of leaves by creating a barrier to the feeding of chewing herbivores that frequently approach leaves from the edge.antiherbivore defense ͉ MALDI-imaging ͉ plant natural products M any plant natural products appear to serve as defenses against herbivores because of their toxicity or deterrence in artificial diets or when added as a supplement to plant material (1, 2). However, to evaluate the actual defensive role of these substances in planta, it is necessary to estimate the amount that a potential herbivore would encounter during feeding. Although determining the amount of plant tissue ingested during a feeding bout is relatively straightforward, measuring the quantity of specific defense products in that tissue is not. Nearly all studies to date have quantified the levels of defensive metabolites at the level of the whole plant or organ (3). Little is known about the localization of antiherbivore defenses in individual tissues or parts of organs even though this may be critically important to the behavior of small herbivores and to the effectiveness of the defense.One of the most extensively studied classes of antiherbivore chemical defenses in plants is the glucosinolates, a group of sulfur-rich, amino acid-derived metabolites combining a ␤-Dglucopyranose residue linked via a sulfur atom to an Nhydroxyamino sulfate ester (4) (Fig. 1). Glucosinolates are widespread in the order Capparales, which includes vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli), spice plants supplying condiments (mustard, horseradish, and wasabi), and the model species, Arabidopsis thaliana (5, 6). Upon insect feeding or mechanical disruption, glucosinolates are hydrolyzed by an endogenous glucohydrolase activity known as myrosinase, and the released aglycone rearranges to form isothiocyanates, nitriles, and other pr...

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confidence: 99%

Nonuniform distribution of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves has important consequences for plant defense

Shroff

Vergara

Muck

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

259

236

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“…The application of in vivo NMR to plants and plant tissues has brought significant contributions across a wide range of topics, reviewed by Ratcliffe and Shachar-Hill (2001) and Verpoorte et al (2007). Highfield magnets have been used to perform techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance microscopy (Bottomley et al, 1986;Scheenen et al, 2000;Van As, 2007), that provided an integrated view of the topological distribution of water in plant tissues such as seeds (Manz et al, 2005), stems (Van As, 2007), and leaves (Veres et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

In Situ Investigation of Leaf Water Status by Portable Unilateral Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

et al. 2009

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A portable unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument was used to detect in field conditions the water status of leaves of herbaceous crops (Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris), mesophyllous trees (Populus nigra), and natural Mediterranean vegetation characterized by water-spending shrubs (Cistus incanus) and water-saving sclerophyllous trees (Quercus ilex). A good relationship was observed between NMR signal, leaf relative water content, and leaf transpiration in herbaceous leaves undergoing fast dehydration or slowly developing a drought stress. A relationship was also observed between NMR signal and water potential of Populus leaves during the development of a water stress and when leaves recovered from the stress. In the natural vegetation, the relationship between NMR signal and water status was found in Cistus, the species characterized by high transpiration rates, when measured during a drought stress period and after a rainfall. In the case of the sclerophyllous Quercus, the NMR signal, the relative water content, and the transpiration rate did not change at different leaf water status, possibly because a large amount of water is compartmentalized in cellular structures and macromolecules. The good association between NMR signal and relative water content was lost in leaves exposed for 24 h to dehydration or to an osmotic stress caused by polyethylene glycol feeding. At this time, the transverse relaxation time became longer than in leaves maintained under optimal water conditions, and two indicators of membrane damage, the ion leakage and the emission of products of membrane lipoxygenation [(Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (E)-2-hexenol], increased. These results taken all together give information on the physiological state of a leaf under a developing stress and show the usefulness of the NMR instrumentation for screening vegetation health and fitness in natural and cultivated conditions. It is concluded that the portable unilateral NMR instrument may be usefully employed in field conditions to monitor nondestructively the water status of plants and to assist agricultural practices, such as irrigation scheduling, to minimize stomatal closure and the consequent limitation to plant production.

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“…23,24 A variety of computational methods have been used in conjunction with NMR spectroscopy. 25 -32 Other research areas in which clustering methods have been applied to complex NMR spectra include the analysis of plant root extracts, 2,12,22,33 citrus juices, 34 -36 edible/olive oils, 37 -43 wine/beer 44 -47 and honey. 48 The reported analyses have predominantly used 1 H Ł Correspondence to: Ronald J. Quinn, Natural Product Discovery, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.…”

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confidence: 99%

A robust clustering approach for NMR spectra of natural product extracts

et al. 2005

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A robust method was developed to cluster similar NMR spectra from partially purified extracts obtained from a range of marine sponges and a plant biota. The NMR data were acquired using microtiter plate NMR (VAST) in protonated solvents. A sample data set which contained several clusters was used to optimize the protocol. The evaluation of the robustness was performed using three different clustering methods: tree clustering analysis, K-means clustering and multidimensional scaling. These methods were compared for consistency using the sample data set and the optimized methodology was applied to clustering of a set of spectra from partially purified biota extracts.

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PROBINGPLANTMETABOLISM WITHNMR

Cited by 153 publications

References 152 publications

Nonuniform distribution of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves has important consequences for plant defense

Nonuniform distribution of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves has important consequences for plant defense

In Situ Investigation of Leaf Water Status by Portable Unilateral Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

A robust clustering approach for NMR spectra of natural product extracts

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