P<scp>esto</scp>: Automated migration of DOM‐based Web tests towards the visual approach

Leotta, Maurizio; Stocco, Andrea; Ricca, Filippo; Tonella, Paolo

doi:10.1002/stvr.1665

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For example, the SmartDriver project is an extension of Selenium WebDriver based on the separation of different aspects of the test automation in separate concerns: technical elements related to the user interface and test logic and business aspects associated with the application under test [11]. Leotta et al propose Pesto, a tool for migrating Selenium WebDriver test suites towards Sikuli [12]. Selenium WebDriver is sometimes referred to as a second-generation automation framework for web applications since the location strategies are based on the DOM (Document Object Model) of web pages.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Selenium Ecosystem

et al. 2020

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Selenium is often considered the de-facto standard framework for end-to-end web testing nowadays. It allows practitioners to drive web browsers (such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge, or Opera) in an automated fashion using different language bindings (such as Java, Python, or JavaScript, among others). The term ecosystem, referring to the open-source software domain, includes various components, tools, and other interrelated elements sharing the same technological background. This article presents a descriptive survey aimed to understand how the community uses Selenium and its ecosystem. This survey is structured in seven categories: Selenium foundations, test development, system under test, test infrastructure, other frameworks, community, and personal experience. In light of the current state of Selenium, we analyze future challenges and opportunities around it.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Selenium Ecosystem

et al. 2020

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“…Indeed, test cases having the logic unchanged across versions naturally defines, for each target element e , the mapping

l_{n - 1}^{e} \to l_{n}^{e}

that is the basis for computing weights (see Section 6.4). In practice, the mapping and the DOMs can be automatically collected, at runtime, by adding aspect‐oriented programming code to the existing test suite (similarly to what we did in our previous tool P esto [31], where AspectJ has been used for collecting information on the DOMs and on the corresponding locators of a test suite). Once the mapping and the DOMs are available, weight assignment can be automatically computed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sidereal: Statistical adaptive generation of robust locators for web testing

Leotta

Ricca

Tonella

2021

Software Testing Verif & Rel

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SummaryBy ensuring adequate functional coverage, End‐to‐End (E2E) testing is a key enabling factor of continuous integration. This is even more true for web applications, where automated E2E testing is the only way to exercise the full stack used to create a modern application. The test code used for web testing usually relies on DOM locators, often expressed as XPath expressions, to identify the web elements and to extract the data checked in assertions. When applications evolve, the most dominant cost for the evolution of test code is due to broken locators, which fail to locate the target element in the novel versions and must be repaired. In this paper, we formulate the robust XPath locator generation problem as a graph exploration problem, instead of relying on ad‐hoc heuristics as the one implemented by the state of the art tool robula+. Our approach is based on a statistical adaptive algorithm implemented by the tool sidereal, which outperforms robula+'s heuristics in terms of robustness by learning the potential fragility of HTML properties from previous versions of the application under test. sidereal was applied to six applications and to a total of 611 locators and was compared against two baseline algorithms, robula+ and Montoto. The adoption of sidereal results in a significant reduction of the number of broken locators (respectively ‐55% and ‐70%). The time for generating such robust locators was deemed acceptable being in the order of hundredths of second.

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“…Monperrus et al. provide yet other techniques [62‐66] for debugging different problems in web applications in their survey on automated programme repair [67]. However, none of these techniques can be used for the debugging of IPFs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective automated repair of internationalization presentation failures in web applications using style similarity clustering and search‐based techniques

Mahajan

Alameer

McMinn

et al. 2020

Software Testing Verif & Rel

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Summary Companies often employ (i18n) frameworks to provide translated text and localized media content on their websites in order to effectively communicate with a global audience. However, the varying lengths of text from different languages can cause undesired distortions in the layout of a web page. Such distortions, called Internationalization Presentation Failures (IPFs), can negatively affect the aesthetics or usability of the website. Most of the existing automated techniques developed for assisting repair of IPFs either produce fixes that are likely to significantly reduce the legibility and attractiveness of the pages or are limited to only detecting IPFs, with the actual repair itself remaining a labour intensive manual task. To address this problem, we propose a search‐based technique for automatically repairing IPFs in web applications, while ensuring a legible and attractive page. The empirical evaluation of our approach reported that our approach was able to successfully resolve 94% of the detected IPFs for 46 real‐world web pages. In a user study, participants rated the visual quality of our fixes significantly higher than the unfixed versions and also considered the repairs generated by our approach to be notably more legible and visually appealing than the repairs generated by existing techniques.

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Pesto: Automated migration of DOM‐based Web tests towards the visual approach

Cited by 41 publications

References 51 publications

A Survey of the Selenium Ecosystem

A Survey of the Selenium Ecosystem

Sidereal: Statistical adaptive generation of robust locators for web testing

Effective automated repair of internationalization presentation failures in web applications using style similarity clustering and search‐based techniques

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