p-Nitrophenol degradation by heterogeneous Fenton’s oxidation over activated carbon-based catalysts

Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Degradation of p-Nitrophenol over Tailored Carbon-Based Materials

“…This improvement is related to the N-functionalities incorporated on the surface of the materials, which allow to increase the surface basicity of the supports, i.e., increase the π electronic density of the carbons layers [37], favoring the interaction between the aromatic compound and supports. Similar results were observed by other authors [17,20,[36][37][38][39]. In view of these results, it can be concluded that the surface chemistry properties also play a relevant role in the adsorption process (see Figure S1b; r 2 > 0.99).…”

“…Sun et al [41] obtained a greater phenol removal by sulfate radicals when using N-doped carbon nanotubes as catalysts. Rodrigues et al [17] and Messele et al [38] also observed the positive effect of the presence of N-groups on the surface of activated carbon in PNP and phenol removal, respectively, by wet peroxidation. Finally, Santos et al [42] found higher wet oxidation efficiency of phenol when using carbon nanotubes doped with melamine as catalyst.…”

“…Distinct materials, like zeolites, pillared clays, silica, silicalites, and carbons have been used to support iron [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].Carbon materials are widely used as supports because they are very flexible materials, since their textural and chemical properties can be easily tailored by physical or chemical treatments [15,16]. Among the carbon materials, activated carbon (AC) is the most reported in the literature as iron support to be used as a catalyst for the Fenton reaction [13,14,[17][18][19][20]. Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNT) [21][22][23] and carbon xerogels (XG) [24] have received intensive attention as iron supports due to their interesting properties when compared with other carbon-based materials, such as mechanical resistance, low limitations to mass transfer, high thermal stability in oxidation conditions, high electronic properties for CNT [25], high purity, mesoporous structure with good pore distribution, and high surface area for XG [26].The presence of nitrogen groups on the surface of carbon-based materials improves their catalytic performance for advanced oxidation processes.…”

“…Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNT) [21][22][23] and carbon xerogels (XG) [24] have received intensive attention as iron supports due to their interesting properties when compared with other carbon-based materials, such as mechanical resistance, low limitations to mass transfer, high thermal stability in oxidation conditions, high electronic properties for CNT [25], high purity, mesoporous structure with good pore distribution, and high surface area for XG [26].The presence of nitrogen groups on the surface of carbon-based materials improves their catalytic performance for advanced oxidation processes. This is explained by the increase of the electronic density, and consequently the surface basicity, which favors the interaction between the organic compounds and the support [17]. p-Nitrophenol (PNP) was used in this work as a model compound because it is commonly present in several industrial wastewaters such as those resulting from manufacturing of drugs, dyes, fungicides, and explosives [27].…”

“…The presence of nitrogen groups on the surface of carbon-based materials improves their catalytic performance for advanced oxidation processes. This is explained by the increase of the electronic density, and consequently the surface basicity, which favors the interaction between the organic compounds and the support [17]. p-Nitrophenol (PNP) was used in this work as a model compound because it is commonly present in several industrial wastewaters such as those resulting from manufacturing of drugs, dyes, fungicides, and explosives [27].…”