p-Nitroacetanilide in the presence of triethylamine as a photoinitiator system for vinyl polymerization

Encinas, M. V.; Rufs, A. M.; Norambuena, Ester; Giannotti, C.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19971115)35:15<3095::aid-pola2>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…3 Second, the governing equations presented and analyzed below are applicable to predicting the effect of diffusion on the concentration variation of any photobleaching species consumed in a single-step process with first-order kinetics due to single-photon photochemical reaction under conditions where light absorption can be modeled using a single absorption coefficient. The approach is also applicable to predicting the concentration distributions of photobleaching photosensitizers used with initiators that do not absorb light directly, 23,24 as well as the profiles of other photobleachable species.…”

Section: ∂I(xt) ∂Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion-Induced Nonuniformity of Photoinitiation in a Photobleaching Medium

Terrones

Pearlstein

2004

Macromolecules

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Absorption of incident light in photopolymerizations gives rise to instantaneous distributions of initiator concentration and initiation rate that are nonuniform along the beam path. Absent diffusion, however, the time-integrated production of primary radicals is uniform if the initial initiator concentration is uniform and all initiator is consumed, since each initiator molecule is photolyzed in place. Here, we consider the effects of diffusion of a photobleaching initiator for finite values of the ratio of the diffusive time scale l 2 /D to the reaction time scale 1/(φIoRA), where l and Io are the layer thickness and incident light intensity at the optical entrance, and D and RA are the diffusion coefficient and molar absorption coefficient of photoinitiator, respectively, whose quantum yield of consumption is φ. Compared to the limiting case in which diffusion is negligible, diffusion has the effect of shifting the instantaneous initiation rate profiles forward in the layer, where initiator is relatively depleted. On the other hand, for any nonzero initial absorbance, the overall (i.e., time-integrated) consumption of initiator becomes more nonuniform as the ratio of the rates of diffusion and reaction, expressed in the dimensionless ratio δ ) D/(l 2 φIoRA), increases. When diffusion is fast (large δ), the front-to-back difference in the time-integrated primary radical production varies quadratically with the initial concentration of initiator. Implications of the results for conversion of monomer and for chain-length distributions are discussed.

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Section: ∂I(xt) ∂Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion-Induced Nonuniformity of Photoinitiation in a Photobleaching Medium

Terrones

Pearlstein

2004

Macromolecules

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“…Its slow polymerization kinetic may be explained by photoinitiator quantum yields (0.65%), 31 a lower quantum yield produces a reduction in radical initiator that influences polymerization, another factor is the nitro group in dye structure, which is reduced to amino group by proton transfer leading to a reduction of polymerization velocity/efficiency. 8,[31][32][33] However, for the crosslinked polymers this result is considered very good. 8,10 The Q-2 system had the highest conversion velocity.…”

Section: Mir/degree Of Conversion and Rate Of Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of luminescent polymers in the UV light region from dimethacrylate monomer using novel quinoline dyes

Alarcon

Santos

Oliveira

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study aims at thermal and morphological features, as well as the degree of conversion these luminescent polymers obtained using a dimethacrylate monomer, and quinoline dyes as photoinitiator. The photoinitiators provide a fluorescent propriety to the final polymer. Thermal properties such as thermal stability, steps of mass loss, and glass transition are obtained by thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis and derivative thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry. Using the mid‐infrared spectroscopy, it is possible to calculate the degree of conversion/rate of polymerization; the data indicate that the quinoline derivatives could be used as photoinitiators in lower concentration (0.1%) resulting in solid rigid polymers with higher conversion (74.24, 71.81, 66.36, and 61.09%). The morphological characteristics of polymers are analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy. Finally, solid ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) analysis shows a bathochromic shift, due to the stabilization of the molecules in the solid state, compared to liquid UV–vis analysis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47461.

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Polymerization of vinyl monomers photoinitiated byp-nitroaniline: Photoinitiation mechanism

Encinas¹,

Rufs²,

Norambuena³

et al. 2000

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The polymerization rate of methyl methacrylate photoinitiated by p‐nitroacetanilide in the presence of triethylamine was measured as a function of the amine concentration in different media. The polymerization is more efficient in nonpolar medium (benzene/monomer). ESR studies show the formation of a nitro and an amino free radical, which are formed by photoinduced proton transfer from the amine to the nitro group. The amine radical is the active species that adds to the monomer. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2269–2273, 2000

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p-Nitroacetanilide in the presence of triethylamine as a photoinitiator system for vinyl polymerization

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Diffusion-Induced Nonuniformity of Photoinitiation in a Photobleaching Medium

Diffusion-Induced Nonuniformity of Photoinitiation in a Photobleaching Medium

Synthesis of luminescent polymers in the UV light region from dimethacrylate monomer using novel quinoline dyes

Polymerization of vinyl monomers photoinitiated byp-nitroaniline: Photoinitiation mechanism

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