P-Aminobenzoic Acid, an Essential Metabolite for Autotrophic Organisms

Wiedling, Sten

doi:10.1126/science.94.2443.389

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…8,1942 The dissociation constant of nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter was first estimated by Lineweaver, Burk and Deming' from their data on the influence of the pN2 on rate of fixation by this organism. These workers measured fixation in the Warburg respirometer by observing the increase in the rate of oxygen uptake with time.…”

Section: Cross Of Normal (Sex A) and Aminobenzoicless (Sex A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora

Tatum

Beadle

1942

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Para-aminobenzoic acid has recently been recognized as a factor required for the growth of a number of micro6rganisms' and as a member of the vitamin B group.2 One of the number of x-ray induced mutants of Neurospora crassa, obtained as described elsewhere,' is characterized by the loss of ability to synthesize p-aminobenzoic acid. This "aminobenzoicless" mutant is differentiated from normal by a single gene, is unable to grow on unsupplemented synthetic medium, but its growth is indistinguishable from normal when p-aminobenzoic acid is supplied.The mutant culture was maintained on "complete" medium containing yeast extract, malt extract and sucrose. Conidia from this stock culture were used for inoculating test cultures. The test medium was the "synthetic" or "m nimal" medium previously described8 containing inorganic salts and nitrogen, sucrose and 4 gammas of biotin4 per 1000 ml. Agar used in this synthetic medium was freed of p-aminobenzoic acid by repeated washing with distilled water. Cultures were incubated at 25°C.Crosses were made of the p-aminobenzoicless mutant (sex A, the equivalent of + in Lindegren's terminology5) with the normal strain (sex a); ascospores were dissected in order from asci and grown on complete medium. These cultures were tested by transferring them to minimal medium and observing for growth. In all, 142 single spore cultures were grown and tested. Of these, 72 proved to be able to synthesize p-aminobenzoic acid and 70 were unable to accomplish this. Of 11 asci from each of which all eight ascospore cultures were obtained, all had four normal and four mutant-type spores, and in no case were more than four spores of a kind obtained from any one ascus. The results in the 17 asci in which segregations for both sex and aminobenzoicless could be deduced are summarized in table 1. It is evident from these results that the aminobenzoicless character is inherited as though it were differentiated from normal by a single gene. There is no evidence of linkage of aminobenzoicless and sex. The fact that in 10 out of 17 asci aminobenzoicless segregated from its normal allele in the second division indicates that the aminobenzoicless locus is an appreciable distance from the centromere.In addition to the original aminobenzoicless mutant (ascospore isolate 1633), which was used for all physiological investigations described except those otherwise noted, an apparently independent occurrence of this mutant was recorded (isolate 5359). A cross between 5359 and 1633-63-6 234 PROC. N. A. S.

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Section: Cross Of Normal (Sex A) and Aminobenzoicless (Sex A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora

Tatum

Beadle

1942

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The molecular inhibition ratio between sulfanilamide and PABA was found to be 23,000:1. (84,196,222,231,245,299,302,389,405,427,431) (405) demonstrated the roughly linear relationship between the concentrations of sulfonamides (sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine, and sulfathiazole) and the minimum concentration of PABA required to prevent their bacteriostatic action (figure 1). They also noted that the concentration of PABA required to reverse the sulfonamides was directly related to their antibacterial activity.…”

Section: B P-aminobenzoic Acid (Paba)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolite Antagonists.

Roblin¹

1946

Chem. Rev.

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“…Halteria, Hydra, Mesostoma (flatworm), Stenostomum (rotifer), Dero (annelid) (59,148,149), chick embryo heart tissue culture, bone marrow, wound healing, various yeasts (Torulospora, Torula, and Saccharomyces), various fungi (Trichophyton gypseum, T. purpureum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Aspergillus niger, and Neurospora crassa), Actinomyces hominis and A. bovis (also the clinical infection, actinomycosis), and higher plants (algae, a diatom, Tradescantia occidentalis, Lupinus albus roots, tomato roots, and Pisum roots) have all been reported as inhibited by sulfonamides; the concentrations of sulfonamides required to produce such an effect vary considerably, anywhere from a few mg % to over 100 mg %. PABA counteracts the sulfonamide inhibition of yeast (139) of T. purpureum and T. gypseum (43,44), of Aspergillus niger (164), of Neurospora crassa (268), of algae (30) of a fresh-water diatom (278), of tomato roots (16), and of rootlets of Pisum and Lupinus albus (183).…”

Section: B Empirical Observations On the Action Of Sulfonamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PABA has been found to antagonize sulfonamide action in experimental malaria (182,188,240); in experimental lymphogranuloma venereum virus infection (62); on a fresh water diatom (278) (271). The antagonistic activity of PABA varies considerably with different organisms.…”

Section: Sulfonamide-antagomsts11mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mode of Action of the Sulfonamides

Henry

1944

JAMA

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P-Aminobenzoic Acid, an Essential Metabolite for Autotrophic Organisms

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Genetic Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora

Genetic Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora

Metabolite Antagonists.

The Mode of Action of the Sulfonamides

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