P-10. Tonsillar application of formalin-killed cells of Streptococcus sobrinus reduces experimental dental caries in rabbits

Fukuizumi, Takaki; Inoue, Hiromasa; Tsujisawa, Toshiyuki; Uchiyama, Choji

doi:10.2504/kds.53.760_1

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Although a significant increase was seen in the salivary IgA response after IN immunization, the response was lower than that seen in nasal wash. This finding provides support for compartmentalization within the CMIS, which results in differential responses at different secretory sites (Brandtzaeg, 1984;Moldoveanu et al, 1995;Quiding-Jarbrink et al, 1995;Fukuizumi et al, 1999Fukuizumi et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Humans Immunized with Streptococcus mutans Antigens by Mucosal Routes

Childers¹,

Tong²,

Li³

et al. 2002

Journal of Dental Research

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Strategies aimed at the prevention of Streptococcus mutans infection and dental caries include mucosal immunization, which results in salivary anti-S. mutans responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nasal vs. tonsillar immunization with S. mutans antigens in inducing salivary immune responses. Twenty-one adult subjects were immunized twice, within a seven-day interval, with a glucosyltransferase-enriched preparation (E-GTF) administered by nasal or tonsillar topical spray. Parotid saliva, nasal wash, and serum were collected prior to and at one- to two-week intervals for 3 months following immunization and were assayed by ELISA for anti-E-GTF activity. Results were analyzed by means of the mixed-models procedure with p < 0.05 level of significance. Significantly higher anti-E-GTF responses were detected in saliva and nasal wash samples from the group immunized by the nasal compared with the tonsillar route, indicating that nasal immunization was more effective in inducing mucosal responses in adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Humans Immunized with Streptococcus mutans Antigens by Mucosal Routes

Childers¹,

Tong²,

Li³

et al. 2002

Journal of Dental Research

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“…Overall, it remains to be conclusively shown whether regional antigen stimulation results in better salivary immune responses than immune induction in GALT, although this has been suggested by tonsillar immunization with streptococci in rabbits (94). Moreover, there is circumstantial evidence to imply that the immune system of the human gut differs considerably from that of the upper aerodigestive tract with regard to B-cell precursor sources and/or immunoregulatory events (34, 89).…”

Section: Homing Of Activated B Cells To Salivary Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison is made with results obtained in non-immunized (top) or non-inoculated (bottom) rabbits and after systemic or intragastric (enteric) immunization. Adapted from Fukuizumi et al (94). …”

Section: Homing Of Activated B Cells To Salivary Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity

Brandtzæg

2013

Journal of Oral Microbiology

257

268

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The two principal antibody classes present in saliva are secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG; the former is produced as dimeric IgA by local plasma cells (PCs) in the stroma of salivary glands and is transported through secretory epithelia by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also named membrane secretory component (SC). Most IgG in saliva is derived from the blood circulation by passive leakage mainly via gingival crevicular epithelium, although some may be locally produced in the gingiva or salivary glands. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) do not contribute equally to the pool of memory/effector B cells differentiating to mucosal PCs throughout the body. Thus, enteric immunostimulation may not be the best way to activate the production of salivary IgA antibodies although the level of specific SIgA in saliva may still reflect an intestinal immune response after enteric immunization. It remains unknown whether the IgA response in submandibular/sublingual glands is better related to B-cell induction in GALT than the parotid response. Such disparity is suggested by the levels of IgA in submandibular secretions of AIDS patients, paralleling their highly upregulated intestinal IgA system, while the parotid IgA level is decreased. Parotid SIgA could more consistently be linked to immune induction in palatine tonsils/adenoids (human NALT) and cervical lymph nodes, as supported by the homing molecule profile observed after immune induction at these sites. Several other variables influence the levels of antibodies in salivary secretions. These include difficulties with reproducibility and standardization of immunoassays, the impact of flow rate, acute or chronic stress, protein loss during sample handling, and uncontrolled admixture of serum-derived IgG and monomeric IgA. Despite these problems, saliva is an easily accessible biological fluid with interesting scientific and clinical potentials.

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“…Tonsillar application of sheep erythrocytes (4) and formalin-killed bacterial cells (7,13) induced production of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) and blood plasma IgG more effectively than did intragastric instillation or nasal application. In rabbits immunized by tonsillar application of formalin-killed Streptococcus sobrinus, a cariogenic bacterium, the experimental dental caries were suppressed to one-fifth of the level found in nonimmunized rabbits and to one-third of the level in rabbits immunized by the intragastric route (7). The number of S. sobrinus bacteria recovered from the tooth surface in the tonsillar immunized rabbits was also suppressed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past several years, we have been developing tonsillar application, a new immunization route for mucosal immunity, specifically for the oral cavity (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)13). Tonsillar application of sheep erythrocytes (4) and formalin-killed bacterial cells (7,13) induced production of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) and blood plasma IgG more effectively than did intragastric instillation or nasal application.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus sobrinus Antigens That React to Salivary Antibodies Induced by Tonsillar Application of Formalin-Killed S. sobrinus in Rabbits

et al. 2000

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We previously found that tonsillar application of antigen induces a strong antibody response to Streptococcus sobrinus in saliva and blood plasma. Rabbits immunized against S. sobrinus by tonsillar application were highly resistant to experimental dental caries triggered by oral inoculation of living S. sobrinus organisms with sucrose. In the present study, we examined the reaction of S. sobrinus antigens to the antibodies induced by the tonsillar application of S. sobrinus AHT-k in rabbits and compared them to those antibodies induced by intramuscular injection. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ultrasonic fragments from mutans group streptococci, the saliva and blood plasma selectively reacted to S. sobrinus AHT-k (serotype g) and serologically related streptococci (serotypes a, d, and h) in the sixth week after tonsillar application, whereas the blood plasma in the sixth week after intramuscular injection reacted to the unrelated streptococci (serotypes b, c, e, and f) in addition to the aforementioned streptococci. The antibody reactivity induced after tonsillar application was not lost after treatment of the antigen with heat or proteinase digestion, whereas these treatments resulted in a 70% decrease of the antibody reactivity induced by intramuscular injection. The inhibition by haptenic sugars and the decrease in immunoreactivity by heat treatment and proteinase digestion suggested that 80% of the antibodies induced by tonsillar application reacted to saccharides. These saccharide antigens appeared to be involved in a specific reaction with S. sobrinus-specific streptococci and a selective reaction with serologically related streptococci. These antigens are probably involved in anticaries reactions in experimental dental caries.Over the past several years, we have been developing tonsillar application, a new immunization route for mucosal immunity, specifically for the oral cavity (3-7, 13). Tonsillar application of sheep erythrocytes (4) and formalin-killed bacterial cells (7, 13) induced production of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) and blood plasma IgG more effectively than did intragastric instillation or nasal application. In rabbits immunized by tonsillar application of formalin-killed Streptococcus sobrinus, a cariogenic bacterium, the experimental dental caries were suppressed to one-fifth of the level found in nonimmunized rabbits and to one-third of the level in rabbits immunized by the intragastric route (7). The number of S. sobrinus bacteria recovered from the tooth surface in the tonsillar immunized rabbits was also suppressed. The cause of this suppression was suggested to be the elimination of the bacterial cells from the oral cavity, most likely through agglutination by the induced antibodies.In research into anticaries vaccinations, several antigens which have anticaries potential, such as an antigen I/II (14) and glucosyltransferase (28), have been reported. These antigens are proteins. However, our S. sobrinus antigen appears to be unique in Western blotting analysis (6); ...

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P-10. Tonsillar application of formalin-killed cells of Streptococcus sobrinus reduces experimental dental caries in rabbits

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Humans Immunized with Streptococcus mutans Antigens by Mucosal Routes

Humans Immunized with Streptococcus mutans Antigens by Mucosal Routes

Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity

Streptococcus sobrinus Antigens That React to Salivary Antibodies Induced by Tonsillar Application of Formalin-Killed S. sobrinus in Rabbits

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