P-018 Curative transvenous embolization of craniofacial arteriovenous malformation

Abstract

BackgroundCraniofacial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a challenging disease to eradicate, often requiring the combination of embolization and reconstructive surgery. The tortuosity of distal feeding arteries and the presence of abundant collaterals make it difficult to obliterate the nidus with transarterial embolization. In this small case series, we report curative transvenous embolization of craniofacial AVM under transient arrest of arterial inflow.Materials and methodsFour patients with craniofacial AVMs (two in the scalp, one in the face and one in the forehead) were embolized transvenously with Onyx. In all cases, the dominant feeding arteries were first embolized with Onyx to reduce arterial inflow. The major draining veins were then accessed transfemorally or via direct puncture. Detachable coils were placed in the venous pouches to further obstruct outflow from the AVM nidus. After arterial inflow was completely stopped with the placement of a tourniquet on the head or inflation of a balloon catheter in the external carotid artery, we injected Onyx into the venous pouch to retrogradely fill the entire AVM nidus. Follow-up angiograms were performed 1 year later.ResultsAngiographic cure was achieved in all four patients. The mass effect from the Onyx cast was not disfiguring. No patient had skin necrosis or a visible black mark on the skin. The first two patients underwent surgical removal of the Onyx cast which was scheduled before embolization. The next two patients declined surgery because they were not bothered by the Onyx cast. No recurrence was found at the 1 year follow-up angiogram.ConclusionHead and neck AVM can be safely cured with transvenous embolization using Onyx.Abstract P-018 Figure 1Angiogram of a facial arteriovenous malformation before and after embolization.Abstract P-018 Figure 2Transvenous embolization with Onyx after partial coiling and transient occlusion of the external carotid artery with a balloon (A). Onyx cast showing the nidus and numerous small feeders (B).

Percutaneous Embolization of Scalp Arteriovenous Malformation Using New Liquid Embolic Agent, SQUID: A Technical Report

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] Postembolization, boggy swelling is evident over the embolized AVM, which is aesthetically acceptable to patients, especially if they wish to avoid further surgery. 12 SQUID is a recently introduced liquid embolic agent that has chemical composition similar to Onyx. The notable difference of SQUID from Onyx is in the particulate size of the tantalum, which provides radio-opacity to the embolic material.…”