Ozonization and Electrochemical Root Canal Disinfection

Pileggi, Roberta

doi:10.1002/9781118914014.ch12

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The use of electrochemistry for catheter disinfection was reported by Liu et al In dentistry, electrochemistry has been used for implant disinfection. − Recently, Canty et al reported the application of cathodic voltage-controlled electrical stimulation to eradicate the implant associated biofilm infections after 4–8 h stimulation. There are several reports highlighting the effect of low-level DC and AC currents and pulsed electric fields on microbes. ,− It was also reported that the antibacterial effect was dose- and time-dependent, where the increase in current increases the bacterial cell death .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Total Eradication of Bacterial Infection in Root Canal Treatment: An Electrochemical Approach

Segu

Bijukumar

Trinh

et al. 2018

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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According to the American Association of Endodontists, currently 22.3 million endodontic procedures are being performed annually with the success rate of 70–95% and the average survival rate of the root canal procedure is approximately 67% after 5 years and 56% after 8 years. One of the major reason for the failure is relapse of infection. Hence, it is imperative to develop an assistive or alternative method to eradicate the bacterial infection effectively without affecting patient compliance. The application of electrochemistry has been used previously to disinfect catheters and implant disinfection. Hence, the aim of this study is to utilize the principles of electrochemistry to develop a microelectronic device to eradicate bacterial infection for root canal treatment. The electrochemical protocol includes open circuit potential (60 s) and potentiostatic scan at varying voltage (−9 to +2 V) at a different time duration (1–5 min). Enterococcus faecalis in the form of planktonic and biofilm was used in this study. After electrochemical treatment, the bacterial viability was evaluated using alamarBlue assay, colony forming units, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity evoked by electrochemical voltage in comparison to NaOCl solution was performed using osteoblasts in 2D and 3D cell culture systems. The results of the study show that the application of −2 to +2 V at 1–5 min did not show any significant reduction in bacterial growth. However, the cathodic voltage of −9 V for 5 min showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the bacterial count (80–95%). Similar results were obtained from biofilm study, which is more realistic to the in vivo condition. In contrast, the method did not induce cytotoxicity to the cells in 3D culture system (65% viability) in comparison to the highly toxic nature (0% viability) of NaOCl, indicating better patient compliance. Hence, the study provides supporting evidence to develop an electrochemically driven microelectronic device that can be a potential assistive dental instrument for endodontic procedures.

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