Ozonetherapy vs SARS-COV-2 in gut: the fountainhead

Abstract

COVID-19 is the disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by clinical manifestations ranging from mild, flu-like symptoms, to severe respiratory failure and multi-organ failure. Patients with more severe symptoms may require intensive care treatments and face a high risk of mortality.COVID 19 is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response similar to a cytokine storm, which is associated with endothelial dysfunction and microvascular complications. To date, no specific treatments are available for COVID-19 and its potentially life-threatening complications.Numerous experimental and clinical observations have suggested that the gut microbiota plays a key role in sepsis and ARDS pathogenesis. The incidence of diarrhea in COVID-19 patients and the high mortality rate in elderly patients, considered together, indicate a possible involvement of the intestine-lung axis in COVID-19 with association of dysbiosis.Ozonetherapy is the administration of a mixture of ozone and oxygen, or Medical Ozone (MO), which produces a series of benefits capable of counteracting a wide range of pathologies, in use for over a century as an unconventional medicine practice.MO is fundamental to inhibit the activation of the inflammatory reaction and to obtain an antioxidant activity both in the tissue and in the blood. Oxidative ozone preconditioning causes an increase in SOD, GSH-Px values.MO, using large auto-hemo-infusion or rectal insufflation technique or ozonized water, could help oxygenate the tissues better, decrease gut inflammation and regulate immune response, help slow down viral growth, regulate circulation and avoid or slow down vascular hypertrophy and consequent hyperemia , especially in the early stages, with obvious benefit at microbiome level.

Mechanisms of Action of Ozone Therapy in Emerging Viral Diseases: Immunomodulatory Effects and Therapeutic Advantages With Reference to SARS-CoV-2

“…Although the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 can create disbiosis are not fully understood, it is known that the downregulation of ACE2 due to viral infection reduces intestinal absorption of tryptophan, which in turn reduces the activity of the mTOR pathway in the small intestine. The consequent decrease in the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) results in pathogens increased survival and intestinal disbiosis ( Liévin-Le Moal and Servin, 2006 ; Kamada et al, 2013 ; He et al, 2020 ; Ranaldi et al, 2020 ), thus altering the composition of the gut microbiota ( Figure 7 ). Summing up, ACE2 would also have a role in modulating innate immunity and influencing the composition of the gut microbiota.…”

“…In the presence of commensal bacteria, dendritic cells secrete IL-23 to stimulate the differentiation of T-naive into T-reg cells which in turn produce the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine, whereas in a dysbiotic environment the production of IL-17 and IL-22, stimulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells which release pro-inflammatory cytokines ( Barko et al, 2018 ; Mönkemüller et al, 2020 ). Alterations in the gut microbiome together with lymphocytes production of inflammatory cytokines, also sustained by viral infection, can lead to the vasculitis and thrombosis observed in patients with COVID-19 ( Mönkemüller et al, 2020 ; Ranaldi et al, 2020 ; Figure 7 ). Although there are currently few studies on the effects of O 3 on the microbiome, the preliminary results deserve interest and further study.…”