Ozone uptake in the sun and shade crown of spruce: quantifying the physiological effects of ozone exposure

Wieser, G.; Havranek, W. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00202078

Cited by 93 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained for Larix decidua (Wieser, 2002), Picea abies (Dobson et al, 1990;Polle et al, 1995;Wieser and Havranek, 1993) and Populus spp. (Wang et al, 1995).…”

Section: Assessment Of Ozone Uptake At the Leaf Levelsupporting

confidence: 77%

Upscaling Ozone Flux in Forests from Leaf to Landscape

Wieser¹,

Matyssek²

2008

Ital J Agronomy

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SummaryAlthough stomatal conductance for ozone (O 3 ) correlates with leaf to air water vapor difference (VPD LA ) at the leaf level, uncertainty in up-scaling to the whole tree level can be overcome by means of sap flow measurements at the tree trunk. Further up-scaling to the stand level is possible by relating whole tree O 3 flux to silvicultural and/or tree-allometric data. In such a way, canopy conductance and O 3 uptake can be related to ground surface area. When normalized, canopy conductance is demonstrated to follow a functional relationship to VPD LA across several forest ecosystems thus allowing a generalization of model approaches. Further up-scaling to the landscape level, however, needs further investigations due to differences in the response of canopy conductance to environmental drivers in forest stands and grassland ecosystems, respectively.

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“…Similar results were obtained for Larix decidua (Wieser, 2002), Picea abies (Dobson et al, 1990;Polle et al, 1995;Wieser and Havranek, 1993) and Populus spp. (Wang et al, 1995).…”

Section: Assessment Of Ozone Uptake At the Leaf Levelsupporting

confidence: 77%

Upscaling Ozone Flux in Forests from Leaf to Landscape

Wieser¹,

Matyssek²

2008

Ital J Agronomy

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“…However, when absorbed, it decomposes extremely rapidly. At [O^\ 0 nPa Pa"\ calculated O3 uptake by spruce needles and measured O.j uptake rates match closely (Wieser & Havranek, 1993;Polle, Wieser & Havranek 1995). In contrast to SO^ and O3, intercellular concentrations of NO2 and NO are distinctly greater than zero.…”

Section: Intercellular Trace Gas Concentrations I\gas]^)supporting

confidence: 53%

Stomatal uptake of SO₂, NO_x and O₃ by spruce crowns (Picea abies) and canopy damage in Central Europe

Slovik

Siegmund

Führer³

et al. 1996

New Phytologist

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summary The stomatal uptake of SO2, NO2 and O3 by Norway spruce canopies (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) has been integrated at six sites in central Germany (Königstein in the Taunus mountains. Witzenhausen, Grebenau, Frankenberg, Fürth in the Odenwald mountains and Biebergemünd in the Spessart mountains), Results are based on 788000 half‐hourly available sets of field data on air pollution and site meteorology measured since 1984 (45 site years). Data on stomatal water conductance are available from statistical response functions obtained in the field at all times of day and seasons of the year. From this, stomatal conductance was calculated fur different atmospheric tract gases. Statistical response functions are presented which allow the separate estimation of annual stomatal net uptake of trace gases in the field if only (i) measured annual means of SO2, NO2, and O3, pollution and (ii) the length of the trunk growth period (defined by temperature) are known. The following specific annual doses of stomatal trace‐gas net uptake in the field (μmol m−2total needle surface d−1annual trunk growth period/(nPa Pa−1) annual mean of trace gas concentration) are obtained; SO2: (0.157 ± 0.011) μmol m−2d−1/(nPa SO2, Pa−1), NOx: (0.4774 ± 0.034) μmol m−2d−1/(nPa NO2 Pa−1), O3: (0.474 ± 0.034) μmol m−2d−1/(nPa O3 Pa−1). There is an apparent NO2, compensation point at 7 nPa Pa−1in the field if NOx (=NO2, + NO) fluxes are integrated; the individual NO2, compensation point equals c 3.2 nPa Pa−1. Additionally, a statistical response function is presented, which estimates actual stomatal water transpiration rates in the field on the basis of measured water vapour pressure differences. VPD (mPa Pa−1). Complex canopy effects were calculated on the basis of available data using an effective leaf area which is 0×32 times the morphological leaf area index. Results are consistent (i) with available water balance data, (ii) with observed SO2‐dependent sulphate accumulation rates in spruce needles and (iii) with observed epicuticular SO2, deposition rates. Pollution data are compared with observed damage of spruce canopies in the field. There was a statistically significant correlation between observed damage to spruce canopies.

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“…Duyzer et al (1995) showed that the sensitivity of stomatal conductance to water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was crucial to modelling O $ flux to a coniferous forest. Wieser & Havranek, (1993, 1995 found that VPD was the climatic factor most closely correlated with ambient O $ concentration. Thus, when O $ concentrations were highest, the flux tended to be restricted by stomatal narrowing.…”

Section:     mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

et al. 1998

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In comparison with the effects of extended drought periods or severe nutrient stress, those of ozone are generally much milder, at least with respect to growth. However, there is substantial evidence from experiments, in the main using young saplings, that O $ does impose a stress on forest trees under European conditions. Decreased chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rates, changes in carbon allocation, increased antioxidant activity, and reductions in biomass due to O $ have often been recorded, particularly in fast-growing species. Furthermore, O $ appears to weaken the trees' resilience to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Interactions between O $ and climatic stress, in particular drought and frost hardiness, are likely to result in potentially detrimental effects.A link between the occurrence of O $ and forest damage is not unequivocally established in Europe, and the problem remains of extrapolating and\or scaling up from studies on seedlings to predict responses to O $ of mature trees and forest stands, because we know so little about acclimation to O$ . An accurate assessment is also lacking of the magnitude of the O $ effect on European trees both in terms of the forest areas affected and its extent. In this review we suggest that C allocation is the key factor underlying the responses of trees to O $ . Stomata also play a key role, since the acquisition of C must be achieved while an effective control over water consumption is retained.Key words : Seedlings, mature trees, growth, drought, frost, ozone. Statistical evaluation of annual surveys of forest condition in Europe (UNECE, ICP Forests) over the last decade has shown that tree crown condition in the main damage areas cannot be wholly explained by the location, nature and climate of the site (Mu$ ller-Edzardz et al., 1997). This might imply an important role for external factors such as air pollutants in the decline of tree health. One quarter of the coniferous trees assessed were damaged ( 20 % defoliation) and damage was worst in central

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Ozone uptake in the sun and shade crown of spruce: quantifying the physiological effects of ozone exposure

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Upscaling Ozone Flux in Forests from Leaf to Landscape

Upscaling Ozone Flux in Forests from Leaf to Landscape

Stomatal uptake of SO₂, NO_x and O₃ by spruce crowns (Picea abies) and canopy damage in Central Europe

Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

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Ozone uptake in the sun and shade crown of spruce: quantifying the physiological effects of ozone exposure

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Upscaling Ozone Flux in Forests from Leaf to Landscape

Upscaling Ozone Flux in Forests from Leaf to Landscape

Stomatal uptake of SO2, NOx and O3 by spruce crowns (Picea abies) and canopy damage in Central Europe

Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

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Stomatal uptake of SO₂, NO_x and O₃ by spruce crowns (Picea abies) and canopy damage in Central Europe