Ozone Therapy on Rats Submitted to Subtotal Nephrectomy: Role of Antioxidant System

Abstract

Chronic renal failure (CRF) represents a world health problem. Ozone increases the endogenous antioxidant defense system, preserving the cell redox state. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ozone/oxygen mixture in the renal function, morphology, and biochemical parameters, in an experimental model of CRF (subtotal nephrectomy). Ozone/oxygen mixture was applied daily, by rectal insufflation (0.5 mg/kg) for 15 sessions after the nephrectomy. Renal function was evaluated, as well as different biochemical parameters, at the beginning and at the end of the study (10 weeks). Renal plasmatic flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the urine excretion index, and the sodium and potassium excretions (as a measurement of tubular function) in the ozone group were similar to those in Sham group. Nevertheless, nephrectomized rats without ozone (positive control group) showed the lowest RPF, GFR, and urine excretion figures, as well as tubular function. Animals treated with ozone showed systolic arterial pressure (SAP) figures lower than those in the positive control group, but higher values compared to Sham group. Serum creatinine values and protein excretion in 24 hours in the ozone group were decreased compared with nephrectomized rats, but were still higher than normal values. Histological study demonstrated that animals treated with ozone showed less number of lesions in comparison with nephrectomized rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were significantly increased in nephrectomized and ozone-treated nephrectomized rats in comparison with Sham group. In the positive control group, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed the lowest figures in comparison with the other groups. However, ozone/oxygen mixture induced a significant stimulation in the enzymatic activity of CAT, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as reduced glutathione in relation with Sham and positive control groups. In this animal model of CRF, ozone rectal administrations produced a delay in the advance of the disease, protecting the kidneys against vascular, hemorheological, and oxidative mechanisms. This behavior suggests ozone therapy has a protective effect on renal tissue by downregulation of the oxidative stress shown in CRF.

Estrogen Protects against Oxidative Multiorgan Damage in Rats with Chronic Renal Failure

“…Apart from the major enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, GSH peroxidase, and catalase, estrogens are also classified as nonenzymatic antioxidants that delay or inhibit age-associated pathological and biological changes. [57] Several experimental studies have shown that antioxidant capacity of tissues is decreased in animals with CRF, [58,59] while marked reductions in plasma glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as marked increases in the ratios of oxidized to reduced GSH were observed in CRF patients. [60,61] Current findings show that the reduction in GSH content of the studied tissues of male and ovariectomized rats may be due to its consumption during CRF-induced oxidative stress.…”

Antioxidant effect of an ozonized theobroma oil formulation on damaged-inflammatory rat skin

“…Similar results were described by (Martínez et al, 2001) who report a significant increase in the activity of SOD in animals treated with ozone therapy. In addition (Calunga et al, 2005) also report a significant increase in the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system in animals treated with ozone therapy. The increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities along with the decrease in the levels of the oxidant biomarkers MDA and THP is evidence of the protecting effect of the cosmetic formulation for oxidative stress in the skin.…”

“…The increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities along with the decrease in the levels of the oxidant biomarkers MDA and THP is evidence of the protecting effect of the cosmetic formulation for oxidative stress in the skin. Other authors (Calunga, 2005; report a significant decrease in the oxidant biomarkers and an improvement in the antioxidant defence system in groups of animals treated with ozone gas before experimental subtotal nephrectomy or endotoxic shock. The unexpected behavior of conjugated dienes could be due to the transitory character of these compounds since they are intermediate products of lipid peroxidation and in the presence of oxygen, react very rapidly to form lipoperoxidic radicals.…”

La ozonoterapia en pacientes con enfisema pulmonar

“…De esta manera podemos ver el efecto inmunoregulador de la ozonoterapia, el cual contribuye a la disminución del proceso inflamatorio en nuestra patología 31 y a la mejoría de la función pulmonar. además, la ozonoterapia posee un poderoso efecto estimulador de las defensas antioxidantes 13,[16][17][18][19][20][21] , que impide la progresión del proceso destructivo del tejido pulmonar.…”

“…a nivel preclínico se ha observado una modulación a nivel de tejido pulmonar lesionado de la enzima mieloperoxidasa. Todos estos aspectos hacen pensar que la aplicación del ozono en pacientes con EPOc, podría tener un efecto beneficioso [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] .…”