Ozone source attribution during a severe photochemical smog episode in Beijing, China

Wang, Xuesong; Li, Jinlong; Zhang, Yuanhang; Xie, Shaodong; Tang, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1007/s11426-009-0137-5

Cited by 78 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Summer maximum ozone concentrations frequently exceed 120 ppbv and in a few cases reach 160 ppbv. The enhanced ozone concentrations are comparable to other studies of the region (e.g., Wang et al, 2006Wang et al, , 2009bChou et al, 2009), that also consider photochemical ozone production as the primary reason for the elevated concentrations. For example, a 1-h ozone mixing ratio, frequently exceeding 120 ppbv and with a maximum level of 286 ppbv, was observed near the surface during June-July 2005 in a mountainous area north of Beijing.…”

Section: Time Series: Measurements Versus Simulationssupporting

confidence: 85%

Tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing from 2002–2010: ozonesonde measurements and modeling analysis

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Using a combination of ozonesonde data and numerical simulations of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS), the trend of tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) during 2002-2010 over Beijing was investigated. Tropospheric ozone over Beijing shows a winter minimum and a broad summer maximum with a clear positive trend in the maximum summer ozone concentration over the last decade. The observed significant trend of tropospheric column ozone is mainly caused by photochemical production (3.1 % yr −1 for a mean level of 52 DU). This trend is close to the significant trend of partial column ozone in the lower troposphere (0-3 km) resulting from the enhanced photochemical production during summer (3.0 % yr −1 for a mean level of 23 DU). Analysis of the CLaMS simulation shows that transport rather than chemistry drives most of the seasonality of tropospheric ozone. However, dynamical processes alone cannot explain the trend of tropospheric ozone in the observational data. Clearly enhanced ozone values and a negative vertical ozone gradient in the lower troposphere in the observational data emphasize the importance of photochemistry within the troposphere during spring and summer, and suggest that the photochemistry within the troposphere significantly contributes to the tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing during the last decade.

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Section: Time Series: Measurements Versus Simulationssupporting

confidence: 85%

Tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing from 2002–2010: ozonesonde measurements and modeling analysis

et al. 2012

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“…Ozone formation is typically either NO x limited or VOC limited (Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998). The Beijing urban area was most likely in a VOC-limited regime (Wang et al, 2009c). Therefore a reduction in NO x would be expected to result in higher ozone production, and consequently in higher concentrations of formaldehyde during the Olympics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldehydes in relation to air pollution sources: A case study around the Beijing Olympics

Altemose

Gong

Zhu

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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This study was carried out to characterize three aldehydes of health concern (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) at a central Beijing site in the summer and early fall of 2008 (from June to October). Aldehydes in polluted atmospheres come from both primary and secondary sources, which limits the control strategies for these reactive compounds. Measurements were made before, during, and after the Beijing Olympics to examine whether the dramatic air pollution control measures implemented during the Olympics had an impact on concentrations of the three aldehydes and their underlying primary and secondary sources. Average concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were 29.3±15.1 μg/m3, 27.1±15.7 μg/m3 and 2.3±1.0 μg/m3, respectively, for the entire period of measurements, all being at the high end of concentration ranges measured in cities around the world in photochemical smog seasons. Formaldehyde and acrolein increased during the pollution control period compared to the pre-Olympic Games, followed the changing pattern of temperature, and were significantly correlated with ozone and with a secondary formation factor identified by principal component analysis (PCA). In contrast, acetaldehyde had a reduction in mean concentration during the Olympic air pollution control period compared to the pre-Olympic period and was significantly correlated with several pollutants emitted from local emission sources (e.g., NO2, CO, and PM2.5). Acetaldehyde was also more strongly associated with primary emission sources including vegetative burning and oil combustion factors identified through the PCA. All three aldehydes were lower during the post-Olympic sampling period compared to the before and during Olympic periods, likely due to seasonal and regional effects. Our findings point to the complexity of source control strategies for secondary pollutants.

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“…Among these, Models-3/CMAQ is recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and CAMx has also been selected as the regulatory model in some states, such as California and Texas. Not only are the two models widely used in the USA, they are increasingly applied in air pollution research in China [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and intercomparison of ozone simulations by Models-3/CMAQ and CAMx over the Pearl River Delta

Jin

Wang

et al. 2011

Sci. China Chem.

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Ozone pollution over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in October 2004 has been simulated using the regional air quality models Models-3/CMAQ and CAMx. The results from both models were evaluated and compared with the observed concentrations from 12 monitoring stations. By integrated process rate analysis, the influences of different physical and chemical processes were quantified, and the causes of the deviations between the two models were investigated. Both CMAQ and CAMx reproduced the magnitudes and variations of ozone at most stations over the PRD. The correlation coefficients (R) between the simulated results and monitoring data were 0.73 for CMAQ and 0.74 for CAMx. The normalized mean bias (NMB) for CMAQ and CAMx over the 12 sites was 8.5% and 8.8% on average, respectively. The normalized mean error (NME) for CMAQ and CAMx was 36.7% and 37.9%, respectively. The correlation between the results of two models was very high (R = 0.92), and their simulated ozone spatial distributions exhibited common features. But the values obtained using CMAQ simulation were about 17% lower than those obtained using CAMx on average. The results of simulations using the two models were not identical in certain regions, or for different types of monitoring stations. The differences in dry deposition, reaction parameters and vertical transport near the Pearl River Estuary can account for the discrepancies in the results obtained using the two models. In the upwind areas, the discrepancy in the boundary concentration of the finest nest was the main cause of the higher values obtained using CAMx compared with those obtained using CMAQ. There is a need for CAMx to provide more choices of dry deposition algorithms. Improvement of the calculation methods for photolysis rates would also improve the ozone simulation of CMAQ.Pearl River Delta, CMAQ, CAMx, ozone, process analysis

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Ozone source attribution during a severe photochemical smog episode in Beijing, China

Cited by 78 publications

References 13 publications

Tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing from 2002–2010: ozonesonde measurements and modeling analysis

Tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing from 2002–2010: ozonesonde measurements and modeling analysis

Aldehydes in relation to air pollution sources: A case study around the Beijing Olympics

Evaluation and intercomparison of ozone simulations by Models-3/CMAQ and CAMx over the Pearl River Delta

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