Ozone response to enhanced heterogeneous processing after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo

Rodríguez, José M.; Ko, Malcolm K. W.; Sze, Nien Dak; Heisey, Curtis W.; Yue, Glenn K.; McCormick, M. P.

doi:10.1029/93gl03537

Cited by 64 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…There are a few years where geophysical events affected ozone levels, such as the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 [Rodriguez et al, 1994;Tie and Brasseur, 1995;Tilmes et al, 2008] or the sudden stratospheric warming and ozone-hole split in 2002 [Allen et al, 2003;Grooß et al, 2005].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early signatures of ozone trend reversal over the Antarctic

et al. 2015

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We report on a detailed time series analysis of long total column ozone (TO) records based on multi-satellite observations of daily resolution. We concentrate on three geographic latitudes over and around the Antarctic area, specifically on three circles at 58.5 ∘ S, 59.5 ∘ S, and 79.5 ∘ S. Almost continuous observations are available at the two former latitudes; however, data are lacking during the polar winter periods at 79.5 ∘ S, because the measurement technique requires sunlight. The methodology is motivated by level-crossing statistics, where subsets of the records above or below particular threshold levels are evaluated. Long-term trend reversal at around the turn of the century is already detectable for low TO levels in the raw time series in the "ozone-hole" region (79.5 ∘ S). In order to overcome the apparent non-stationarities of the time series, we determined daily TO differences (ΔTO) belonging to the same geographic longitudes between the different latitudinal circles. The result is a stable, stationary behavior for small (absolute) ΔTO values in the period January-February-March without any significant detectable trends. The high absolute value ΔTO subsets (September-October-November) indicate a robust trend reversal in the middle of the 1990s. The observed trend reversal in the total column ozone time series is consistent with the temporal development of the stratospheric halogen loading. However, a close correspondence of ozone and halogen turnaround years is not expected because of the statistical uncertainties in the determination of the ozone turnaround, and the many factors contributing to ozone depletion processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early signatures of ozone trend reversal over the Antarctic

et al. 2015

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“…Recent calculations from models of the midlatitude stratosphere give the following theoretical results: first, catalytic cycles involving NO x radicals are expected to dominate ozone destruction from about 22 to 45 km, while HO x cycles dominate both above and below [McElroy et al,1992;Rodriguez et al, 1994]; and second, modeled photochemical loss of ozone exceeds calculated production by 10%-50% in the upper stratosphere [Eluszkiewicz and Allen, 1993;Minschwaner et al, 1993;Crutzen et al, 1995;Siskind et al, 1995]. The latter result has been termed the "ozone deficit" problem, because at these altitudes, ozone is expected to be in photochemical equilibrium (production equaling loss), since the photochemical lifetime of ozone is much shorter than transport replacement times [Ko et al, 1989;Perliski et al, 1989].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the rate of removal of stratospheric ozone through catalytic cycles involving HO x (HO 2 and OH), NO x (NO 2 and NO), and halogen (ClO and BrO) radicals is essential for assessing the response of ozone to anthropogenic and natural perturbations such as industrial release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons, emission of nitrogen oxides from subsonic and supersonic aircraft, rising levels of N 2 O and CH 4 , and enhanced levels of sulfate aerosols following volcanic eruptions [World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1991;Stolarski and Wesoky, 1993;Rodriguez et al, 1994].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone production and loss rate measurements in the middle stratosphere

Jucks¹,

Johnson²,

Chance³

et al. 1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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We present the first simultaneous measurements of HO x , NO x , and Cl x radicals in the middle stratosphere obtained during a balloon flight at 34 N in September 1989, along with calculations from a photochemical model, to show that NO x catalytic cycles dominate loss of ozone (O 3 ) for altitudes between 24 and 38 km; the observed abundance of ClO is lower than that expected for altitudes above 30 km on the basis of models using recommended rates and cross sections, reducing the relative importance of the Cl x catalytic cycles for loss of O 3 ; and removal rates of O 3 derived from observed concentrations of rate limiting HO x , NO x , and Cl x radicals balance computed production rates for altitudes between 32 and 38 km, a region where ozone is expected to be regulated primarily by photochemical processes.1

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“…Later, Yue et al [1986,1989] extended the extinction ratio (ER) method to retrieve the two size parameters in an assumed single mode lognormal size distribution from the aerosol extinction ratio measured by SAGE II. This method was applied to retrieve aerosol surface area, volume, and backscatter for intercomparison [Yue et al, , 1995a, b] and two-dimensional (2-D) chemical and aerosol modeling studies [Rodriguez et al, 1994;Weisenstein et al, 1997]. In a modified method, the aerosol size distribution was also assumed to be an analytical expression, such as lognormal with a single mode [Wang et al, 1989b;Brogniez and Lenoble, 1988], modified gamma [Wang et al, 1989b], and segmented power law [Thomason, 1991], but parameters were retrieved by the nonlinear least squares (NLS) algorithm, minimizing differences between the retrieved and measured extinctions.…”

Section: Paper Number 1999jd900455mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to retrieval of aerosol size distributions and integral properties from SAGE II aerosol extinction spectra

Yue¹

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. A new approach to the retrieval of aerosol size distributions and integral properties from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II aerosol extinction spectra is proposed. This method assumes that the aerosol size distribution can be approximated by a histogram of number density as a function of particle size. The retrieved number density in each bin is expressed as a linear combination of the SAGE II aerosol extinctions at four or fewer wavelengths. The coefficients in the weighted linear combination are obtained by minimizing the retrieval error averaged for a set of testing size distributions. The same method has been applied to retrieve aerosol surface area and volume densities from SAGE II aerosol extinctions. The retrieval accuracy was studied by calculating the aerosol surface area and volume densities for six aerosol size distributions retrieved by using the proposed linear minimizing error method. In general, the retrieval error increases with the decreasing number of wavelength-dependent extinction measurements available for retrieval. Besides accuracy, the proposed method has the advantage of not requiring an initial guess or a weighting function. Furthermore, it is very simple and fast. Another advantage is that the proposed method can still be applied to the case when the number of reliable aerosol extinction is less than four. The formulas presented in this paper can be used easily by investigators to retrieve surface area and volume densities from SAGE II aerosol extinction spectra at different altitudes for a variety of purposes. The proposed new method can also be extended to retrieve properties from other remote sensing systems. The application of the proposed method for instrument design is discussed.

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Ozone response to enhanced heterogeneous processing after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo

Cited by 64 publications

References 17 publications

Early signatures of ozone trend reversal over the Antarctic

Early signatures of ozone trend reversal over the Antarctic

Ozone production and loss rate measurements in the middle stratosphere

A new approach to retrieval of aerosol size distributions and integral properties from SAGE II aerosol extinction spectra

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