Ozone oxidized lignin-based polyurethane with improved properties

Zhang, Yumei; Yan, Ru; Ngo, Tri-Dung; Zhao, Qi; Duan, Jinchi; Du, Xiaoqiang; Wang, Yuliang; Liu, Baijun; Sun, Zhaoyan; Hu, Wei; Xie, Haiming

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.006

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…More specifically, components extracted from wood products were the focus of many studies. This includes cellulose, 21,22 tannins, 6,23–25 and lignin 3,4,8,10,11,12,20,22,26,27,28–37,38–47,48,49 . Cellulose, is the main component of the wood structure and was generally liquefied to enter the polyol phase, using crude glycerol 21 or ethylene carbonate 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several options were already tested, using lignosulfonate, 39,54 Kraft lignin, 3,8,10,11,32,33 soda lignin or organosol lignin 28 . The approaches include the liquefaction into a polyol 22,30,32,44 (mainly polyethylene glycol, ethylene carbonate or glycerol, sometime microwaves assisted 12,31,36,37 ), the functionalization, 38,40,46,49,55 the depolymerization, 3 the oxypropylation 12 or the introduction as filler 20,34 . The final product can be a film, 11,40,43 an elastomer, 27,45 a rigid foam 3,4,10,20,32,35,36,42,45,54 or a flexible foam 12,31,33,34,37,38,41,45 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of lignin's pH on polyurethane flexible foam formation and how to control it

Maillard

Osso

Faye

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Low pH of commercial lignins has a catastrophic impact on the polyurethane foaming reactions. Experiments were performed with 10 wt% of lignin with various pHs in polyols. Virgin lignin (pH 2.5, 35% moisture) has the most negative impact as it reduces the initial foam rising rate by 85% and the foam's final height by 35% as compared to the reference foam, lignin free. Drying of this lignin at 80°C for 12 h can reduce this impact while alkaline treatment to bring the lignin's pH to 6.6 almost cancel it. As revealed by in situ dielectric constant measurements, both reactions, gelling via polymerization and blowing via CO2 degassing, are impacted. In situ Fourier transform infrared analysis of the foaming process demonstrated that blowing reaction is the most pH sensitive. Two methods to counter the pH influence by pH modification were tested and provide interesting results but also significant drawbacks limiting their applicability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of lignin's pH on polyurethane flexible foam formation and how to control it

Maillard

Osso

Faye

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[1][2][3] In this context, the lignin fraction (which corresponds to up to 40 wt% of a typical lignocellulosic biomass [4] ) is largely underutilized in comparison with the carbohydrate fraction (i.e., cellulose), and for instance, burned for low value energy generation. [5] To fully exploit the potential of biomass as a source of renewable carbon, efficient contain a range of oxygenated aromatics, quinones, and carboxylic acids with potential as fuel additives, [40] building blocks for polyurethanes, [41] and as a feed for the synthesis of fine chemicals for the food and pharma industries. [42] Our group has studied the depolymerization of pyrolytic and other technical lignins (i.e., Kraft and organosolv lignins) by ozone into a range of (di)carboxylic acids and esters in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, ozone has a half‐life of <1 h when dissolved, [ 39 ] thus any residual ozone in the system quickly decomposes to O 2 , providing an overall clean process with no need of extra separation steps. [ 40 ] Previous research has shown that the products obtained by ozonation contain a range of oxygenated aromatics, quinones, and carboxylic acids with potential as fuel additives, [ 40 ] building blocks for polyurethanes, [ 41 ] and as a feed for the synthesis of fine chemicals for the food and pharma industries. [ 42 ] Our group has studied the depolymerization of pyrolytic and other technical lignins (i.e., Kraft and organosolv lignins) by ozone into a range of (di)carboxylic acids and esters in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two‐Step Approach for the Conversion of Technical Lignins to Biofuels

Figueirêdo

Venderbosch

Deuss

et al. 2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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strategies to valorize lignin are required. Depolymerization of lignin has been shown to have considerable potential, [6] leading to innovative lignin-derived biofuels [7,8] or drop-in chemicals. [9] In its native form, lignin consists of a highly crosslinked and methoxylated phenylpropanoid network. The structure of the biopolymer changes during isolation in typical (industrial) processes like the Kraft process used in the pulp and paper industry. [10] These technical lignins are currently produced at large scales (e.g., 50 million tons per year of Kraft lignin [11]) and consist of recalcitrant and remarkably complex structures as a result of their processing. Therefore, depolymerization is highly challenging. Various routes have been explored, and some examples are oxidative and reductive treatments using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. [12] Catalytic hydrotreatment is a well-known reductive upgrading strategy for technical lignins. It involves treatment of lignin with molecular hydrogen (or a hydrogen donor) in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Upon this treatment, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking reactions occur, and a range of valuable monomers can be obtained. [12,13] Interesting results have been reported using different setups, catalysts, reaction conditions, and lignin types (Table 1). Nonetheless, the harsh conditions that typically required cause competitive repolymerization that ultimately leads to char in addition to carbon losses to the gas phase. Altogether, these reactions have a negative impact on the techno-economic viability of the process. Furthermore, due to the presence of stable CC bonds in technical lignins, the yield and quality of the hydrotreated products are yet not optimal for such high end application. [14] Oxidation strategies have been also reported for lignin depolymerization, [12,33-35] from which ozonation stands as a relatively simple treatment for upgrading technical lignins. Ozone was shown to be highly reactive toward phenolic nuclei and CC double bonds at ambient conditions, and neither chemical additives nor catalysts are typically required. [36] It can be easily generated in situ either from oxygen or dry air, and such ozone generation technologies are industrially used [37,38] and thus wellestablished, safe, and available at all scales. Furthermore, ozone has a half-life of <1 h when dissolved, [39] thus any residual ozone in the system quickly decomposes to O 2 , providing an overall clean process with no need of extra separation steps. [40] Previous research has shown that the products obtained by ozonation Lignocellulose is a widely available carbon source and a promising feedstock for the production of advanced second-generation biofuels. Nonetheless, lignin, one of its major components, is largely underutilized and only considered an undesired byproduct. Through catalytic hydrotreatment, the highly condensed lignin can be partially depolymerized into a range of monomers. However, its recalcitrance and the presence of aromatic fragments linked by C...

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“…In this regard, renewable polyol is replaced in the synthesis of PUFs to meet this need. Recently, lignin‐based polyol, as one the most commonly used bio‐polyols has been used for synthesis of PU 11,12 . This material is extensively used due to several reasons: (a) Lignin is a highly abundant natural polymer consisting of three dissimilar phenyl propane units: p‐coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of microstructure, thermal, and mechanical properties of the green lignin‐based polyurethane/hydrophobic silica nanocomposite foam

Mohammadpour

Sadeghi

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the present study, lignin‐based polyurethane foam (LPUF) and hydrophobic silica LPUF (SLPUF) were synthesized using different concentrations of silica nanoparticles (SNP). The effect of SNP on the structure and properties of SLPUF samples was investigated and compared with LPUF through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and compressive tests. The FT‐IR results showed changes in the H bonding interactions between the structures of SLPUF samples. Moreover, the SEM results indicated a decrease in the cell size of SLPUF samples. Incorporation of SNP improved the thermal stability of SLPUF samples while the compressive strength of SLPUF samples decreased in comparison with LPUF. Furthermore, the DMTA results revealed a decrease in the glass transition temperature from 90°C (LPUF) to around 52°C (SLPUF samples). This means that applying the hydrophobic SNP changes the foam type from a rigid foam to soft one. Therefore, significant changes were observed in the physical–chemical properties of the SLPUF samples compared to the LPUF.

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Ozone oxidized lignin-based polyurethane with improved properties

Cited by 45 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of lignin's pH on polyurethane flexible foam formation and how to control it

Influence of lignin's pH on polyurethane flexible foam formation and how to control it

A Two‐Step Approach for the Conversion of Technical Lignins to Biofuels

Evaluation of microstructure, thermal, and mechanical properties of the green lignin‐based polyurethane/hydrophobic silica nanocomposite foam

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