Ozone formation at a rural site in the southeastern United States

Kleinman, Lawrence I.; Lee, Yin-Nan; Springston, Stephen; Nunnermacker, L. J.; Zhou, Xianliang; Brown, Robert M.; Hallock, Kristen A.; Klotz, P.; Leahy, D. F.; Lee, Jai H.; Newman, L.

doi:10.1029/93jd02991

Cited by 217 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The minimum detection limit of the analyzer is about 1 ppbv and its response is about 10 s. Lal et al (1998Lal et al ( , 2000 and Nair et al (2002) have also been employed the same O 3 analyzer described above in their study. The absolute accuracy of these types of system is reported to be 5% (Kleinman et al 1994). …”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of surface ozone at semi-arid site Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m asl) in India

et al. 2008

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In the present study, an attempt has been made to examine the governing photochemical processes of surface ozone (O 3 ) formation in rural site. For this purpose, measurements of surface ozone and selected meteorological parameters have been made at Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m asl), a semi-arid zone in India from January 2002 to December 2003. The annual average diurnal variation of O 3 shows maximum concentration 46 ppbv at noon and minimum 25 ppbv in the morning with 1σ standard deviation. The average seasonal variation of ozone mixing ratios are observed to be maximum (about 60 ppbv) during summer and minimum (about 22 ppbv) in the monsoon period. The monthly daytime and nighttime average surface ozone concentration shows a maximum (55±7 ppbv; 37±7.3 ppbv) in March and minimum (28±3.4 ppbv; 22±2.3 ppbv) in August during the study period. The monthly average high (low) O 3 48.9±7.7 ppbv (26.2± 3.5 ppbv) observed at noon in March (August) is due to the possible increase in precursor gas concentration by anthropogenic activity and the influence of meteorological parameters. The rate of increase of surface ozone is high (1.52 ppbv/h) in March and lower (0.40 ppbv/h) in July. The average rate of increase of O 3 from midnight to midday is 1 ppbv/h. Surface temperature is highest (43-44°C) during March and April months leading to higher photochemical production. On the other hand, relative humidity, which is higher during the rainy season, shows negative correlation with temperature and ozone mixing ratio. It can be seen that among the two parameters are measured, correlation of surface ozone with wind speed is better (R 2 =0.84) in compare with relative humidity (R 2 =0.66).

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Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of surface ozone at semi-arid site Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m asl) in India

et al. 2008

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“…The OPE x can be derived from the regression slopes of correlations between O x and NO z [Kleinman et al, 1994;Trainer et al, 1993]. Therefore, the accuracy of NO 2 measurement plays an important role in the calculation of OPE x by influencing the quantification of O x and NO z .…”

Section: Ozone Production Efficiency (Ope X )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the oxidants of NO x can be removed from the O 3 -productionreaction system, Liu et al [1987] defined the number of molecules of O 3 formed per NO x as O 3 production efficiency of NO x (OPE x ), which has been used as an important indicator in studying O 3 chemistry. Trainer et al [1993] and Kleinman et al [1994] found better correlations between O 3 and the oxidation products of NO x , i.e., NO z (= NO y À NO x ) than the sum of reactive nitrogen species, NO y , in the photochemically aged air, based on which the OPE x was revised as Δ[O 3 + NO 2 ] / Δ[NO z ]. Therefore, accurate measurements of NO y and NO x are of importance to understand the formation mechanism of O 3 production, and hence to make the corresponding control strategies for mitigation of photochemical smog.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Previous studies [Chameides et al, 1992;Kleinman et al, 1994Kleinman et al, , 2000Sillman, 1999] have shown that the surface O 3 is primarily formed from photochemical reactions of VOCs and NO x . NO x not only plays the role of catalyst in the chain reactions for O 3 production but also is a major terminator of free radicals, which has the potential to limit the formation of O 3 in the atmosphere [Sillman, 1999;Roberts et al, 1995;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen dioxide measurement by cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy (CAPS) and implications in ozone production efficiency and nitrate formation in Beijing, China

Sun

Liu

et al. 2013

JGR Atmospheres

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Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a key species in studying photochemical smog and formation mechanisms of nitrate in fine particles. However, the conventional commercially available chemiluminescence (CL)‐based method often has uncertainties in measuring NO2 because of interferences with other reactive nitrogen species. In this study, an Aerodyne Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift Spectroscopy (CAPS) NO2 monitor that essentially has no interferences with nitrogen containing species was deployed in Beijing for the first time during August 2012. The CAPS NO2 monitor is highly sensitive with a detection limit (3σ) of 46.6 ppt for 1 min integration. The NO2 measured by CAPS shows overall agreement with that from CL, yet large differences up to 20% were also observed in the afternoon. Further, the discrepancies of NO2 measurements between CAPS and CL appear to be NOz dependent with larger differences at higher NOz concentrations (e.g., > 14 ppb). As a result, the ozone production efficiency of NOx (OPEx) derived from the correlations of Ox‐NOz with the CL NO2 can be overestimated by 19–37% in Beijing. The daily OPEx calculated with the CAPS NO2 ranges from 1.0 to 6.8 ppb/ppb with an average (±1σ) of 2.6 (±1.3) for the entire study. The relatively low OPEx and the relationship between OPEx and NOx suggest that ozone production chemistry is VOC sensitive during summer in Beijing. Two case studies further show that high concentrations of NOx can significantly enhance the formation of nitrate in fine particles in the presence of high O3 and favorable meteorological conditions.

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“…Additionally, there are only a few days of observations in June, when the campaign ended. The daytime increment in surface ozone is a typical feature of polluted sites and can be associated with daytime photochemical production of ozone from its precursors in the presence of sunlight (e.g Kleinman et al, 1994) and/or through mixing of ozone rich air aloft. 15 The very low levels of ozone (during winter months) were observed during night-time which can be attributed to titration of O3 by NO.…”

Section: Variations In Ozone At Bodementioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in surface ozone and carbon monoxide in the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding broader regions during SusKat-ABC field campaign: Role of local and regional sources

Bhardwaj¹,

Naja²,

Rupakheti³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Air pollutants emitted from rapid urbanization and associated human activities in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal over the past two decades are causing serious air quality and health concerns. These concerns led to a multinational field campaign SusKat-ABC (Sustainable atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley-Atmospheric Brown Clouds) that measured different trace gases, aerosols and meteorological parameters in the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding regions during December 2012 to June 2013 to understand the factors influencing air quality of the Kathmandu Valley. This study provides information about the regional distribution of ozone and some precursor gases using simultaneous in situ measurements from a SusKat-ABC supersite at Bode, Nepal and two Indian sites: a high-altitude site Nainital located in the central Himalayan region and a low altitude site Pantnagar located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The diurnal variations at Bode showed a daytime buildup in O3 while CO shows morning and evening peaks. Similar variations (with lower levels) were also observed at Pantnagar but not at Nainital. Several events of hourly ozone levels exceeding 80 ppbv were also observed at Bode. The CO levels showed a decrease from their peak level of above 2000&#8201;ppbv in January to about 680&#8201;ppbv in June at Bode. The hourly mean ozone and CO levels showed a strong negative correlation during winter (r2&#8201;=&#8201;0.82 in January and r2&#8201;=&#8201;0.71 in February), but this negative correlation gradually becomes weaker, with the lowest value in May (r2&#8201;=&#8201;0.12). The background O3 and CO mixing ratios at Bode were estimated to be about 14&#8201;ppbv and 325&#8201;ppbv respectively. The rate of change of ozone at Bode showed a more rapid increase (~&#8201;17&#8201;ppbv/hour) during morning than the decrease in the evening (5&#8211;6&#8201;ppbv/hour), suggesting a semi urban kind of environment at Bode. The slower evening time ozone decrease rates and lower CO levels during spring suggests an important contribution of regional transport than the contribution of local sources to the springtime ozone enhancement in the Kathmandu Valley. The winter time higher ozone levels at Bode are largely due to local sources with relatively less contributions from regional sources. We show that regional pollution resulting from agricultural crop residue burning in north-western IGP led to large (~&#8201;2-fold) increase in O3 and CO levels simultaneously at all three sites, i.e., Bode, Pantnagar and Nainital during first week of May 2013. Biomass burning induced increase in ozone and related gases was also confirmed by a global model and balloon borne observations over Nainital. A comparison of surface ozone variations and composition of light non-methane hydrocarbons among different sites indicated the differences in emission sources of the Kathmandu Valley and the IGP. These results highlight the contribution of regional sources to air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley versus the local sources in the Valley.

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Ozone formation at a rural site in the southeastern United States

Cited by 217 publications

References 31 publications

Measurements of surface ozone at semi-arid site Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m asl) in India

Measurements of surface ozone at semi-arid site Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m asl) in India

Nitrogen dioxide measurement by cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy (CAPS) and implications in ozone production efficiency and nitrate formation in Beijing, China

Variations in surface ozone and carbon monoxide in the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding broader regions during SusKat-ABC field campaign: Role of local and regional sources

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