Ozone budget over the Amazon: Regional effects from biomass‐burning emissions

Richardson, Jennifer L.; Fishman, Jack; Gregory, G. L.

doi:10.1029/91jd00993

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Our calculation of net column production for the 2-11 km layer in the Case 3 undisturbed conditions is 4.4 x 1011 molec cm-2 s-1. Richardson et al [1991] computed tropospheric column 03 production to be 4.4 x 1011 cm-2s-1 in regions containing polluted layers (up to 1000 km distant from buming activity) in ABLE 2A, which is comparable to the 0-13 km integrated value we have computed for Case 1 undisturbed conditions [Pickering et al, 1991] Ozone production rates (in ppb/day) averaged over the 5-13 km layer are shown in Table 5 for the cloud-processed conditions in the three cases. The ozone loss term, O(1D) + H20, had values ranging from 2.7 to 8.3 times greater than were computed by Crutzen et al [1985] for the drier environment of nonconvective conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone production potential following convective redistribution of biomass burning emissions

et al. 1992

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The effects of deep convection on the potential for forming ozone ("ozone production potential") in the free troposphere have been simulated for regions where the trace gas composition is influenced by biomass burning. Cloud dynamical and photochemical simulations based on observations in 1980 and 1985 Brazilian campaigns form the basis of a sensitivity study of the ozone production potential under differing conditions. The photochemical fate of pollutants actually enlrained in a cumulus event of August 1985 during NASA/GTE/ABLE 2A (Case 1) is compared to photochemical ozone production that could have occurred if the same storm had been located closer to regions of savanna burning (Case 2) and forest burning (Case 3). In each case studied, the ozone production potential is calculated for a 24-hour period following convective redistribution of ozone precursors and compared to ozone production in the absence of convection. In all cases there is considerably more ozone formed in the middle and upper troposphere when convection has redistributed NOx, hydrocarbons and CO compared to the case of no convection.In the August 1985 ABLE 2A event, entrainment of a layer polluted with biomass burning into a convective squall line changes the free tropospheric cloud outflow column (5-13 km) ozone production potential from net destruction to net production. If it is assumed that the same cloud dynamics occur directly over regions of savanna burning, ozone production rates in the middle and upper troposphere are much greater. Diurnally averaged ozone production following convection may reach 7 ppbv/day averaged over the layer from 5-13 km-compared to typical free tropospheric concentrations of 25-30 ppbv O3 during nonpolluted conditions in ABLE 2A. Convection over a forested region where isoprene as well as hydrocarbons from combustion can be transported into the free troposphere leads to yet higher amounts of ozone production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone production potential following convective redistribution of biomass burning emissions

et al. 1992

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“…For instance, in this simplified exercise, high initial levels of HCHO significantly reduce the time period during which emissions containing high NOx could be uplifted to the free troposphere. In addition, more 03 is made "early" and is thus subject to cloud scavenging during a deep convection event [Chatfield and Delaney, 1990; Richardson et al, 1991;Lelieveld et al, 1997]. If these turn out to be general effects of oxygenated compounds in real plumes, then the amount of 03 produced could be greatly reduced.…”

Section: Influence Of Oxygenated Organic Compounds On Initial Plume Cmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emissions of formaldehyde, acetic acid, methanol, and other trace gases from biomass fires in North Carolina measured by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Yokelson¹,

Goode²,

Ward³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

323

372

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Abstract. Biomass burning is an important source of many trace gases in the global troposphere. We have constructed an airborne trace gas measurement system consisting of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (F'FIR) coupled to a "flow-through" multipass cell (AFrlR) and installed it on a U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service King Air B-90. The first measurements with the new system were conducted in North Carolina during April 1997 on large, isolated biomass fire plumes. Simultaneous measurements included Global Positioning System (GPS); airborne sonde; particle light scattering, CO, and CO2; and integrated filter and canister samples. AFrlR spectra acquired within a few kilometers of the fires yielded excess mixing ratios for 10 of the most common trace gases in the smoke: water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, formaldehyde, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, ethylene, and ammonia. Emission ratios to carbon monoxide for formaldehyde, acetic acid, and methanol were each 2.5 _+ 1%. This is in excellent agreement with (and confirms the relevance of) our results from laboratory fires. However, these ratios are significantly higher than the emission ratios reported for these compounds in some previous studies of "fresh" smoke. We present a simple photochemical model calculation that suggests that oxygenated organic compounds should be included in the assessment of ozone formation in smoke plumes. Our measured emission factors indicate that biomass fires could account for a significant portion of the oxygenated organic compounds and HOx present in the tropical troposphere during the dry season. Our fire measurements, along with recent measurements of oxygenated biogenic emissions and oxygenated organic compounds in the free troposphere, indicate that these rarely measured compounds play a major, but poorly understood, role in the HOx, NOx, and 03 chemistry of the troposphere.

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“…Numerous investigations of the atmospheric impact of tropical fires have given clear evidence that elevated levels of ozone over South America and Africa are due to the excessive burning of forests and savannah, the rain forest otherwise acting as an important net sink for ozone (e.g., Delany et al, 1985;Browell et al, 1988;Gregory et al, 1988;Crutzen and Andreae, 1990;Richardson et al, 1991;Kirchhoff and Marinho, 1994;Kirchhoff, 1996;Kirchhoff et al, 1996). A retrieval of satellite measurements has given evidence of substantial ozone export to the tropical oceanic regions (Fishman et al, 1986;Fishman and Larsen, 1987), a strong burden to the otherwise clean troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere during certain periods of the year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric ozone in boreal fire plumes – the 2013 smoke season over central Europe

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In July 2013 very strong boreal fire plumes were observed at the northern rim of the Alps by lidar and ceilometer measurements of aerosol, ozone and water vapour for about 3 weeks. In addition, some of the lower-tropospheric components of these layers were analysed at the Global Atmosphere Watch laboratory at the Schneefernerhaus highaltitude research station (2650 m a.s.l., located a few hundred metres south-west of the Zugspitze summit). The high amount of particles confirms our hypothesis that fires in the Arctic regions of North America lead to much stronger signatures in the central European atmosphere than the multitude of fires in the USA. This has been ascribed to the prevailing anticyclonic advection pattern during favourable periods and subsidence, in contrast to warm-conveyor-belt export, rainout and dilution frequently found for lower latitudes. A high number of the pronounced aerosol structures were positively correlated with elevated ozone. Chemical ozone formation in boreal fire plumes is known to be rather limited. Indeed, these air masses could be attributed to stratospheric air intrusions descending from remote high-latitude regions, obviously picking up the aerosol on their way across Canada. In one case, subsidence from the stratosphere over Siberia over as many as 15-20 days without increase in humidity was observed although a significant amount of Canadian smoke was trapped. These coherent air streams lead to rather straight and rapid transport of the particles to Europe.

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Ozone budget over the Amazon: Regional effects from biomass‐burning emissions

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Ozone production potential following convective redistribution of biomass burning emissions

Ozone production potential following convective redistribution of biomass burning emissions

Emissions of formaldehyde, acetic acid, methanol, and other trace gases from biomass fires in North Carolina measured by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Stratospheric ozone in boreal fire plumes – the 2013 smoke season over central Europe

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