Ozone and the Forests in Austria and Switzerland

Matyssek, Rainer; Havranek, W. M.; Wieser, G.; Innes, John L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59233-1_4

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Indeed, environmental conditions are known to effect changes in the stomatal aperture of leaves (Zeiger et al 1987;Jones 1992), and decrease the capacity of the leaves to absorb gases. Light is the most important factor affecting the diurnal changes in stomatal opening, although soil water deficit and reduced air humidity also result in decreased stomatal apertures (Matyssek et al 1997). Therefore, to be effective scavengers of atmospheric pollutants, plants should not suffer from exposure to other environmental stresses.…”

Section: Stomatal Control Of Gas Absorption and Susceptibility Of Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the capacity for foliar absorption and the susceptibility to the pollutants vary widely between species and also between particular growth environments (NIES 1980(NIES , 1984(NIES , 1992Yunus and Iqbal 1996;Sandermann et al 1997;Matyssek et al 1997;De Kok and Stulen 1998). Therefore, to assess the role of vegetation as a sink for air pollutants, it is important for us to evaluate, over a wide range of species, the efficacy by which the leaves absorb these pollutants and the extent to which the leaves are adversely affected by the exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption of Organic and Inorganic Air Pollutants by Plants

Omasa

Tobe

Kondo³

2002

Air Pollution and Plant Biotechnology

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Section: Stomatal Control Of Gas Absorption and Susceptibility Of Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Organic and Inorganic Air Pollutants by Plants

Omasa

Tobe

Kondo³

2002

Air Pollution and Plant Biotechnology

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“…Nevertheless, black cherry (Prunus serotina) has been reported to show typical O $ injury (reddish stippling on the upper surface of leaves) at 14 of 77 sites in the southern part of Switzerland (Matyssek et al, 1997). Likewise Velissariou et al (1992) reported injury, chlorotic mottling, which has been shown to be due to O $ (Gimeno et al, 1992), on needles of Aleppo pine growing in the Athens basin.…”

Section:     mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

et al. 1998

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In comparison with the effects of extended drought periods or severe nutrient stress, those of ozone are generally much milder, at least with respect to growth. However, there is substantial evidence from experiments, in the main using young saplings, that O $ does impose a stress on forest trees under European conditions. Decreased chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rates, changes in carbon allocation, increased antioxidant activity, and reductions in biomass due to O $ have often been recorded, particularly in fast-growing species. Furthermore, O $ appears to weaken the trees' resilience to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Interactions between O $ and climatic stress, in particular drought and frost hardiness, are likely to result in potentially detrimental effects.A link between the occurrence of O $ and forest damage is not unequivocally established in Europe, and the problem remains of extrapolating and\or scaling up from studies on seedlings to predict responses to O $ of mature trees and forest stands, because we know so little about acclimation to O$ . An accurate assessment is also lacking of the magnitude of the O $ effect on European trees both in terms of the forest areas affected and its extent. In this review we suggest that C allocation is the key factor underlying the responses of trees to O $ . Stomata also play a key role, since the acquisition of C must be achieved while an effective control over water consumption is retained.Key words : Seedlings, mature trees, growth, drought, frost, ozone. Statistical evaluation of annual surveys of forest condition in Europe (UNECE, ICP Forests) over the last decade has shown that tree crown condition in the main damage areas cannot be wholly explained by the location, nature and climate of the site (Mu$ ller-Edzardz et al., 1997). This might imply an important role for external factors such as air pollutants in the decline of tree health. One quarter of the coniferous trees assessed were damaged ( 20 % defoliation) and damage was worst in central

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“…Tropospheric ozone has been discussed as a factor causing novel symptoms of forest decline in Europe, but no unequivocal evidence has yet been given supporting this view (Matyssek et al 1996). As a factor in plant stress, however, ozone is the subject of concentrated research eorts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Induction of stilbene synthase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase mRNAs in Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings

Zinser

Ernst

Sandermann

1998

Planta

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Pine is known to respond to ozone by the induction of stilbene synthase (STS) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activities. Here we describe the in¯uence of ozone on STS and CAD transcript levels, as well as on the amounts of actin mRNA and chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (cab) mRNA in needles of young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. A single ozone pulse of 0.3 lL á L A1 for 8 h resulted in transient increases in STS, and CAD mRNA levels. In contrast, actin and cab transcript levels were reduced. Treatment of Scots pine seedlings with ozone (0.3 lL á L A1 , 8 h á d A1 ) over a period of 12.5 d resulted in a constant high CAD mRNA level. In contrast STS transcripts were transiently induced over 6 d under these conditions. These results indicate selective ozone responses by the two genes. Compared with results for ozone fumigation alone, combined ozone/UV-B treatment led to a slightly higher increase in STS mRNA in primary needles, as well as in cotyledons. This points to an additive eect by the two stressors. In-situ hybridization with STS and CAD antisense mRNAs revealed an enhanced uniform labeling of mesophyll cells in tissue cross-sections of ozone-treated needles, whereas in the epidermal cell layer the amount of silver grains was unaltered in comparison with controls.Abbreviations: cab chlorophyll a/b-binding protein; CAD cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; STS stilbene synthase

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Ozone and the Forests in Austria and Switzerland

Cited by 31 publications

References 67 publications

Absorption of Organic and Inorganic Air Pollutants by Plants

Absorption of Organic and Inorganic Air Pollutants by Plants

Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

Induction of stilbene synthase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase mRNAs in Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings

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