Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation of Toluene/NOx Irradiations under Complex Pollution Scenarios

Bao, Kaiji; Li, Kangwei; Lv, Biao; Bao, Zhier; Lin, Changpo; Wu, Xuecheng; Zheng, Chenghang; Gao, Xiang; Cen, Kefa

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2017.05.0179

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…was experimentally determined (EB4 in Table 1) to be 1.38 g cm -3 , which was similar to the reported value of 1.4 g cm -3 (Nakao et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2017). is obtained from a regression equation through the extended aerosol inorganic model (E-AIM) (Clegg et al, 1998).…”

Section: Soa Formation: Aerosol-phase Reactionssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…As an important group of anthropogenic VOCs, aromatic hydrocarbons (HCs) are emitted from automobile exhaust (Zhang et al, 2018) and solvent use (Cheng et al, 2018) and are known to be precursors for secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), which are formed during the process of photooxidation (Seinfeld and Pandis, 2016). In polluted areas (e.g., urban areas in Asia), aromatic HCs occupy 11 % to 25 % of the total nonmethane HC emissions (67.0 Tg in 2010) (Li et al, 2017) and traditionally comprise approximately 15 % of SOA formation (Ait-Helal et al, 2014), which contributes to the urban budget of fine particulate matter (Wood et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of SOA Formation from the Photooxidation of Monoalkylbenzenes in the Presence of Aqueous Aerosols Containing Electrolytes under Various NOx Levels

Zhou¹,

Jang²,

Yu³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from the photooxidation of three monoalkylbenzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, and n-propylbenzene) in the presence of inorganic seeds (SO42&#8722;-NH4+-H2O system) under varying NOx levels has been simulated using the Unified Partitioning-Aerosol Phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model. The evolution of the volatility-reactivity distribution (mass-base stoichiometric coefficient, &#945;i) of oxygenated products, which were created by the near-explicit gas kinetic mechanism, was integrated with the model using the parameters linked to the concentrations of HO2 and RO2 radicals. This dynamic distribution was applied to estimate the model parameters related to the thermodynamic constants of the products in multiple phases (e.g., the gas phase, organic phase, and inorganic phase) and the reaction rate constants in the aerosol phase. The SOA mass was predicted through the partitioning and aerosol chemistry processes of the oxygenated products in both the organic phase and aqueous solution containing electrolytes, with the assumption of organic-inorganic phase separation. The prediction of the time series SOA mass (12-hr), against the aerosol data obtained from an outdoor photochemical smog chamber, was improved by the dynamic &#945;i set compared to the prediction using the fixed &#945;i set. Overall, the effect of an aqueous phase containing electrolytes on SOA yields was more important than that of the NOx level under our simulated conditions or the utilization of the age-driven &#945;i set. Regardless of the NOx conditions, the SOA yields for the three aromatics were significantly higher in the presence of wet electrolytic seeds than those obtained with dry seeds or no seed. When increasing the NOx level, the fraction of organic matter (OM) produced by aqueous reactions to the total OM increased due to the increased formation of relatively volatile organic nitrates and peroxyacyl nitrate like products. The predicted partitioning mass fraction increased as the alkyl chain length increases but the organic mass produced via aerosol phase reactions decreased due to the increased activity coefficient of the organic compounds containing longer alkyl chains. Overall, the lower mass-base SOA yield was seen in the longer alkyl-substituted benzene in both the presence and absence of inorganic seeded aerosols. However, the difference of mole-base SOA yields of three monoalkylbenzenes becomes small because the highly reactive organic species (i.e., glyoxal) mainly originates from ring opening products without alkyl side chain. UNIPAR predicted the conversion of hydrophilic, acidic sulfur species to non-electrolytic dialkyl-organosulfate (diOS) in the aerosol. Thus, the model predicted the impact of diOS on both hygroscopicity and acidity, which subsequently influenced aerosol growth via aqueous reactions.

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Section: Soa Formation: Aerosol-phase Reactionssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of SOA Formation from the Photooxidation of Monoalkylbenzenes in the Presence of Aqueous Aerosols Containing Electrolytes under Various NOx Levels

Zhou¹,

Jang²,

Yu³

2018

Preprint

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show abstract

“…This shows that toluene had the highest mean concentration compared to the other VOC species. Toluene is one of the most significant precursors to ozone formation, which greatly affects the air quality and human health (Chen et al, 2017a). The second highest OFP was ethanol for all seasons followed by m-Xylene for winter and spring and, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene for summer and autumn (Table 4).…”

Section: Analysis Of Ozone Formation Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of Air Pollution and Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, North Taiwan

Widiana

Tsai

Wang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Monitoring air quality in the municipal wastewater treatment plants is an initial stage in preventing several problems related to air emissions. This study measured 103 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), total VOC (TVOC), and some prominent air pollutants (CO, CO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 S, PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 7 , PM 10 , TSP) in the municipal wastewater treatment plant X located in the north of Taiwan. Thirty-three VOCs were identified, which categorized as alkane, aromatic, alkene, ester, ether, haloalkane and ketone. Five dominant factors were determined from principal component analysis (PCA). The first factor involves indoor activities (such as particulate matter resuspension), and outdoor activities (such as vehicles exhausts), which explained 32.42% of total variance. Factor 2 was paint applications and domestic wastewater decomposition, with an explained variance of 17.23%. Factor 3 was solvent use, with an explained variance of 14.26%. Factor 4 was solvent use and road dust, with an explained variance of 8.54%. Factor 5 was a byproduct of the chlorination treatment process, with an explained variance of 6.92%. The five factors explained 79.37% of total variance. By applying absolute principal component scores (APCS), source apportionments were obtained having 35.21%, 26.04%, 16.13%, 7.03%, and 15.59% for factors 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Toluene had the highest ozone formation potential (OFP).

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“…The chemical mechanism of ozone formation has been extensively studied [55][56][57][58]. In brief, it involves a NOx cycle and a ROx cycle.…”

Section: Effect On Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on regulations, current status, effects and reduction strategies of emissions for marine diesel engines

Wang

2020

Fuel

217

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Marine diesel engines, which provide main power source for ships, mainly contribute to air pollution in ports and coastal areas. Thus there is an increasing demand on tightening the emission standards for marine diesel engines, which necessitates the research on various emission reduction strategies. This review covers emission regulations and emission factors (EFs), environmental effects and available emission reduction solutions for marine diesel engines. Not only the establishment of the emission control areas (ECAs) in the regulations but also many experiments show high concerns about the sulfur limits in fuels, sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Research results reveal that NOx emissions from marine diesel engines account for 50% of total NOx in harbors and coastal regions. Sulfur content in fuel oil is an important parameter index that determines the development direction of emission control technologies. Despites some issues, biodiesel, methanol and liquefied nature gas (LNG) play their important roles in reducing

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Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation of Toluene/NOx Irradiations under Complex Pollution Scenarios

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Simulation of SOA Formation from the Photooxidation of Monoalkylbenzenes in the Presence of Aqueous Aerosols Containing Electrolytes under Various NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Levels

Simulation of SOA Formation from the Photooxidation of Monoalkylbenzenes in the Presence of Aqueous Aerosols Containing Electrolytes under Various NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Levels

Source Apportionment of Air Pollution and Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, North Taiwan

A review on regulations, current status, effects and reduction strategies of emissions for marine diesel engines

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Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation of Toluene/NOx Irradiations under Complex Pollution Scenarios

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Simulation of SOA Formation from the Photooxidation of Monoalkylbenzenes in the Presence of Aqueous Aerosols Containing Electrolytes under Various NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; Levels

Simulation of SOA Formation from the Photooxidation of Monoalkylbenzenes in the Presence of Aqueous Aerosols Containing Electrolytes under Various NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; Levels

Source Apportionment of Air Pollution and Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, North Taiwan

A review on regulations, current status, effects and reduction strategies of emissions for marine diesel engines

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Simulation of SOA Formation from the Photooxidation of Monoalkylbenzenes in the Presence of Aqueous Aerosols Containing Electrolytes under Various NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Levels

Simulation of SOA Formation from the Photooxidation of Monoalkylbenzenes in the Presence of Aqueous Aerosols Containing Electrolytes under Various NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Levels