Oxytocin Secretion Is Related to Measures of Energy Homeostasis in Young Amenorrheic Athletes

Lawson, Elizabeth A.; Ackerman, Kathryn E.; Slattery, Meghan; Marengi, Dean A.; Clarke, Hannah; Misra, Madhusmita

doi:10.1210/jc.2013-4136

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In a search for potential explanatory mechanisms related to our findings, we noted a robust inverse correlation between oxytocin and leptin levels. This relationship is currently argued [10,26,45] and has been shown to be positive in premenopausal women with T1DM [23] and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis [21]. Although leptin and oxytocin act synergistically at the central level to inhibit food intake [19,45], obesity alters this interplay [16,46], and oxytocin administration to obese mice or humans reduces caloric intake devoid of leptin resistance, leading to hypothesize that oxytocin control of body weight could occur independently of leptin-sensitive circuitries [18,47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Studies in rodents have consistently demonstrated that estrogen deprivation decreases plasma oxytocin levels [25]. In humans, cross-sectional analysis found that oxytocin circulates at lower levels in amenorrheic athlete women than in non-amenorrheic control women [26]. Because menopause constitutes a critical period for changes in body weight and adiposity, we sought to perform a cross-sectional study in pre- and postmenopausal women to assess the interaction between circulating oxytocin, menopause, and obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Its Relationship with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Variables

et al. 2018

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between oxytocin, menopause and obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis on 56 obese (OB; 28 premenopausal) and 53 normal-weight women (NW; 27 premenopausal) was performed by measurement of oxytocin, leptin, adiponectin, gonadotropins, sex steroids, glucose, and lipid homeostasis as well as DXA assessment of fat mass (%FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Results: Women from NW and OB groups were comparable for age but differed in anthropometric measures. In our cohorts, menopause was not associated with changes in gluco-lipid homeostasis and %FM, while FFM was lower in postmenopausal women from both study groups (p < 0.05). In each group, leptin was unaltered, and adiponectin only marginally changed across menopause, while oxytocin levels were lower in post- than in premenopausal women (NW: p < 0.05; OB: p < 0.005), and lower in OB than NW women, either when assessed as whole groups or if stratified by menopause (p < 0.001). In correlation analysis, inverse associations related oxytocin to menopause, obesity, and adiposity-related measures. BMI (p < 0.0001) and menopause independently predicted oxytocin levels (p < 0.001), but their interaction was null (p = 0.5). Conclusions: Obesity and menopause are independent negative predictors of plasma oxytocin. Longitudinal studies should clarify the role of oxytocin on weight modifications experienced around and after menopause.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Its Relationship with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Variables

et al. 2018

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“…One study reported that chronic subcutaneous administration of oxytocin, at a dose that reduced weight gain in obese db/db mice, also appeared to increase the number of uncoupling protein-1 (ϩ) cells in subcutaneous and visceral fat of obese db/db mice (73). Furthermore, Lawson and colleagues (48) demonstrated that oxytocin in amenorrheic athletes is positively correlated with resting energy expenditure as well as FGF-21 and irisin, two factors that induce the conversion of white adipose tissue to the "brite" or "beige" adipose tissue (14,28,98). However, we did not measure a significant increase in either FGF-21 or irisin in response to 3V or subcutaneous infusions of oxytocin that was effective in limiting weight gain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic CNS oxytocin signaling preferentially induces fat loss in high-fat diet-fed rats by enhancing satiety responses and increasing lipid utilization

Blevins

Thompson²,

Anekonda³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

131

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-Based largely on a number of short-term administration studies, growing evidence suggests that central oxytocin is important in the regulation of energy balance. The goal of the current work is to determine whether long-term third ventricular (3V) infusion of oxytocin into the central nervous system (CNS) is effective for obesity prevention and/or treatment in rat models. We found that chronic 3V oxytocin infusion between 21 and 26 days by osmotic minipumps both reduced weight gain associated with the progression of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and elicited a sustained reduction of fat mass with no decrease of lean mass in rats with established diet-induced obesity. We further demonstrated that these chronic oxytocin effects result from 1) maintenance of energy expenditure at preintervention levels despite ongoing weight loss, 2) a reduction in respiratory quotient, consistent with increased fat oxidation, and 3) an enhanced satiety response to cholecystokinin-8 and associated decrease of meal size. These weightreducing effects persisted for approximately 10 days after termination of 3V oxytocin administration and occurred independently of whether sucrose was added to the HFD. We conclude that long-term 3V administration of oxytocin to rats can both prevent and treat dietinduced obesity. obesity; food intake; energy expenditure; oxytocin PUBLISHED DATA suggest that in addition to its well-recognized peripheral effects on uterine contraction during parturition and milk ejection during lactation (33), the nonapeptide oxytocin plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis (23,53,59,103,104). Transgenic mice with deficient oxytocin (18) or oxytocin receptor (OTR) signaling (93) exhibit adult-onset obesity, and copy number variations associated with the OTR gene (OXTR) are linked with an early-onset obesity phenotype in humans (96). Furthermore, impaired oxytocin release within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is evident in dietinduced obese (DIO) mice (103), which could lead to defects in peripheral release of oxytocin, and potentially explain the decreased circulating levels in DIO mice (103, 104), genetically obese rodents (32, 73), as well as obese humans and individuals with Type 2 diabetes (74). Moreover, the pathogenesis of PraderWilli syndrome, a rare human genetic disorder characterized by hyperphagia and severe obesity, is linked to a reduced size and number of PVN oxytocin neurons (91). Importantly, both acute and chronic administration of oxytocin is sufficient to bypass impaired leptin signaling to reduce weight gain or body weight in both DIO (23,53,59,103,104) and genetically obese rodent models (1,42,47,54,59,73) as well as weight loss in DIO rhesus monkeys (10) and humans (105). While collectively these findings are indicative of an important physiological role for oxytocin in energy homeostasis, the mechanisms underlying this function have not been fully elucidated.The effects of central nervous system (CNS) administration of oxytocin to reduce body weight gai...

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“…Whether these are considered adaptive or contributing factors in the development of anorexia nervosa remains to be determined [100]. OT levels are, however, positively correlated with body weight, body fat, and resting energy expenditure in amenorrheic athletes which may implicate a potential role of OT in the regulation of energy expenditure in certain states of energy deficit [102]. However, the pathogenesis of Prader-Willi syndrome, a genetic disorder that afflicts up to 350,000-400,000 humans in the world [103] is characterized by hyperphagia and severe obesity and linked to a reduced number and size of PVN OT neurons [104], suggesting that a reduction in OT secretion within the CNS and/or periphery, in some circumstances, may be pathogenic and contribute to obesity.…”

Section: Role Of Ot Signaling In Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Translational and therapeutic potential of oxytocin as an anti-obesity strategy: Insights from rodents, nonhuman primates and humans

Blevins

Baskin

2015

Physiology & Behavior

120

100

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The fact that more than 78 million adults in the US are considered overweight or obese highlights the need to develop new, effective strategies to treat obesity and its associated complications, including type 2 diabetes, kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. While the neurohypophyseal peptide oxytocin (OT) is well recognized for its peripheral effects to stimulate uterine contraction during parturition and milk ejection during lactation, release of OT within the brain is implicated in prosocial behaviors and in the regulation of energy balance. Previous findings indicate that chronic administration of OT decreases food intake and weight gain or elicits weight loss in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and rats. Furthermore, chronic systemic treatment with OT largely reproduces the effects of central administration to reduce weight gain in DIO and genetically obese rodents at doses that do not appear to result in tolerance. These findings have now been recently extended to more translational models of obesity showing that chronic subcutaneous or intranasal OT treatment is sufficient to elicit body weight loss in DIO nonhuman primates and pre-diabetic obese humans. This review assesses the potential use of OT as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of obesity in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans, and identifies potential mechanisms that mediate this effect.

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Oxytocin Secretion Is Related to Measures of Energy Homeostasis in Young Amenorrheic Athletes

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Its Relationship with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Variables

Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Its Relationship with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Variables

Chronic CNS oxytocin signaling preferentially induces fat loss in high-fat diet-fed rats by enhancing satiety responses and increasing lipid utilization

Translational and therapeutic potential of oxytocin as an anti-obesity strategy: Insights from rodents, nonhuman primates and humans

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