Oxytocin regulates social approach

Cohen, Daniela; Shamay‐Tsoory, Simone G.

doi:10.1080/17470919.2017.1418428

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…(Olff et al, 2013). In threatening and competitive situations, OXT may therefore have an aggressive and competitive effect rather than a prosocial effect (Cohen and Shamay-Tsoory, 2017). Furthermore, there are studies that state that OXT receptor methylation and polymorphisms of the OXT receptor gene influence the effect of OXT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The awareness of the scared - context dependent influence of oxytocin on brain function

Baettig

Baeumelt

Ernst

et al. 2019

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Oxytocin is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter and has been originally recognized for its role in childbirth and lactation. Later, it became widely known as a "cuddle hormone" that induces trusting behavior towards strangers and reduces social stress and anxiety. Several studies showed that oxytocin influences empathic behavior and has prosocial effects. The anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula are brain regions that are active when humans observe fear in others. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether oxytocin administration affects activity in these regions depending on whether a threat is directed at another person (empathy) compared to when the threat is directed at the subject itself (fear). Our findings demonstrate increased anterior cingulate cortex activation after oxytocin administration in the fear, but not in the empathy condition. Furthermore, oxytocin administration was associated with deceased anterior insula activity in the empathy condition. However, our findings do not support the idea that oxytocin generally augments activity in brain regions associated with empathy. Thereby this study supports current research questioning that oxytocin has exclusively prosocial effects on human behavior. Rather, the effect of oxytocin depends on various contextual (e.g. presence of a familiar person) and interindividual (e.g. sex, mental disorder) factors. Therefore, to consider oxytocin an empathy inducing hormone is an oversimplification and future research should focus on factors moderating oxytocin effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The awareness of the scared - context dependent influence of oxytocin on brain function

Baettig

Baeumelt

Ernst

et al. 2019

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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show abstract

“…11 The basic dimensions of these invisible borders differ according to cultural, social, personality, and environmental variables, and these borders ensure that the appropriate distance is maintained between individuals. 12,13 This physical distance is seen as a tendency to approach or avoid social stimuli 14 that often make people feel uncomfortable and threatened when that space is invaded. 15 Interpersonal distance is sensitive not only to personal attitude toward another but also to gender, 16 age, 17 status and power, 18 and culture.…”

Section: Background and Hypotheses Interpersonal Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

National Preferred Interpersonal Distance Curbs the Spread of COVID-19: A Cross-Country Analysis

Gökmen

Türen

Erdem

et al. 2020

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Objective: National Interpersonal distance preference is considered a cultural characteristic. Interpersonal distance is critical for the spread dynamics of COVID-19. COVID-19’s spread trend shows various characteristics in different countries. We think that one of the factors influencing this variation could be national interpersonal distance preference. Methods: We employed regression analysis based on data of national interpersonal distance preferences (social, personal, and intimate) presented by Sorokowska et al. (2017) and COVID-19 growth rate data for 40 different countries which are calculated using OWD’s (2020) data. Results: National interpersonal distance preferences with its three dimensions significantly decrease the growth rate of COVID-19 in countries. Conclusion: Understanding the relation between national interpersonal distance preference and contagion growth of COVID-19 might be very useful information to be utilized in decision-making processes of individuals, societies and governments to develop culturally well-suited counter-pandemic politics, strategies, and procedures during COVID-19 pandemic or any upcoming epidemic or pandemic threats in the future, instead of standard fit-to-all strategies.

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“…Previous studies have also indicated that SAD is characterized by avoidance of social interactions, manifested by a preference for maintaining a larger interpersonal distance, especially from strangers (Clark et al, 1995; Cohen & Shamay‐Tsoory, 2018; Perry, Rubinsten, Peled, & Shamay‐Tsoory, 2013). Physical closeness with social partner results in a considerable amount of stress among socially anxious individuals, in turn causing them to maintain greater distances from others (e.g., Perry et al, 2013; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997; Wieser, Pauli, Grosseibl, Molzow, & Mühlberger, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biased distance estimation in social anxiety disorder: A new avenue for understanding avoidance behavior

et al. 2020

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Objectives: People regulate their interpersonal space appropriately to obtain a comfortable distance for interacting with others. Socially anxious individuals are especially prone to discomfort from and fear of physical closeness, leading them to prefer a greater interpersonal distance from others. Previous studies also indicate that fear can enhance the threat-related elements of a threatening stimulus. For example, spider phobia is associated with estimating spiders as bigger and faster than they actually are. Nonetheless, it is still unclear whether the preference of those with social anxiety disorder (SAD) to maintain greater distance from others is associated with biased estimations of interpersonal distance. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 participants (44 clinically diagnosed with SAD and 43 control) performed validated computerized and ecological tasks in a real-life setting while social space estimations and preferences were measured. Results: Participants with SAD felt comfortable when maintaining a greater distance from unfamiliar others compared to the control group and estimated unfamiliar others to be closer to them than they actually were. Moreover, the estimation bias predicted their preferred distance from strangers, indicating a strong association between estimation bias severity and actual approach-avoidance behavior. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that distance estimation bias underlies avoidance behavior in SAD, suggesting the involvement of a new cognitive mechanism in personal space regulation.

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Oxytocin regulates social approach

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

The awareness of the scared - context dependent influence of oxytocin on brain function

The awareness of the scared - context dependent influence of oxytocin on brain function

National Preferred Interpersonal Distance Curbs the Spread of COVID-19: A Cross-Country Analysis

Biased distance estimation in social anxiety disorder: A new avenue for understanding avoidance behavior

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