Oxytocin: A Conditional Anorexigen whose Effects on Appetite Depend on the Physiological, Behavioural and Social Contexts

Olszewski, Pawel K.; Klockars, Anica; Levine, Allen S.

doi:10.1111/jne.12376

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Recent preclinical and clinical studies have focused on oxytocin as a conditional anorexigen with pivotal regulatory actions on energy homeostasis [30]. The results of our study depict an association between menopause and plasma oxytocin concentrations both in normal-weight and severely obese women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Its Relationship with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Variables

et al. 2018

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between oxytocin, menopause and obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis on 56 obese (OB; 28 premenopausal) and 53 normal-weight women (NW; 27 premenopausal) was performed by measurement of oxytocin, leptin, adiponectin, gonadotropins, sex steroids, glucose, and lipid homeostasis as well as DXA assessment of fat mass (%FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Results: Women from NW and OB groups were comparable for age but differed in anthropometric measures. In our cohorts, menopause was not associated with changes in gluco-lipid homeostasis and %FM, while FFM was lower in postmenopausal women from both study groups (p < 0.05). In each group, leptin was unaltered, and adiponectin only marginally changed across menopause, while oxytocin levels were lower in post- than in premenopausal women (NW: p < 0.05; OB: p < 0.005), and lower in OB than NW women, either when assessed as whole groups or if stratified by menopause (p < 0.001). In correlation analysis, inverse associations related oxytocin to menopause, obesity, and adiposity-related measures. BMI (p < 0.0001) and menopause independently predicted oxytocin levels (p < 0.001), but their interaction was null (p = 0.5). Conclusions: Obesity and menopause are independent negative predictors of plasma oxytocin. Longitudinal studies should clarify the role of oxytocin on weight modifications experienced around and after menopause.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Its Relationship with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Variables

et al. 2018

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“…135 Oxytocin deficiency, 171 ablation of oxytocin neurones 150 and an oxytocin receptor antagonist 172 have been shown in mice to enhance intake of sucrose solutions but not intake of palatable liquid emulsions 173 or a high-fat diet, suggesting that oxytocin preferentially suppresses carbohydrate intake, although no significant preference has been reported in oxytocin receptor-deficient mice. Oxytocin has been shown to reduce preference for carbohydrates but not fat.…”

Section: Roles Of Oxytocin In the Control Of Food Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxytocin has been shown to reduce preference for carbohydrates but not fat. 135 Oxytocin has been shown to increase food intake in certain conditions. 174 The discrepant findings regarding the actions of oxytocin in food intake remain to be explained.…”

Section: Roles Of Oxytocin In the Control Of Food Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…135 On the other hand, under stressful conditions, it has been suggested that oxytocin has opposite functions in rats and increases gastric tone via suppression of GABAergic inhibitory inputs to DMV neurones, which has facilitative actions on gastric motility. Oxytocin has been shown in rodents to act on DMV neurones to inhibit gastric motility, resulting in termination of a meal.…”

Section: Dorsal Vagal Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of oxytocin in the control of stress and food intake

Onaka

Takayanagi

2019

J Neuroendocrinology

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Oxytocin neurones in the hypothalamus are activated by stressful stimuli and food intake. The oxytocin receptor is located in various brain regions, including the sensory information‐processing cerebral cortex; the cognitive information‐processing prefrontal cortex; reward‐related regions such as the ventral tegmental areas, nucleus accumbens and raphe nucleus; stress‐related areas such as the amygdala, hippocampus, ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray; homeostasis‐controlling hypothalamus; and the dorsal motor complex controlling intestinal functions. Oxytocin affects behavioural and neuroendocrine stress responses and terminates food intake by acting on the metabolic or nutritional homeostasis system, modulating emotional processing, reducing reward values of food intake, and facilitating sensory and cognitive processing via multiple brain regions. Oxytocin also plays a role in interactive actions between stress and food intake and contributes to adaptive active coping behaviours.

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“…For instance, oxytocin nasal spray resulted to be anxiogenic instead of anxiolytic in depressed patients [36], increased the perception of social stress instead of decreased it [37], and did not reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms in fibromyalgic patients [38]. It has been proposed that the effects induced by oxytocin may also vary according to the social or behavioral context [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin Nasal Spray in the Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder and Obesity: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

Agabio¹,

Farci²,

Curreli³

et al. 2016

Clin Pharmacol Biopharm

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BackgroundPreclinical studies suggest that the neuropeptide oxytocin reduces food intake and body weight, but only a few clinical studies have investigated the translatability of these findings in humans. The present study investigated the safety and efficacy of oxytocin nasal spray in patients affected by binge eating disorder and obesity. MethodsSeventeen outpatients affected by binge eating disorder and obesity participated in a 8 week double-blind trial and received oxytocin (n=8; 24 IU, four times a day, 20 min before each of three meals and before going to bed) or placebo (n=9) with an energy-restricted diet. Primary outcomes included adverse events and the number of binge eating episodes per week. Secondary measures included body weight, BMI, severity of BED, craving for food, quality of sleep, quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. ResultsOne patient of oxytocin group discontinued prematurely the trial before the first post-randomization efficacy measure. Among the other 16 participants, 13 (81.2%) completed the trial, and 3 (18.8%) discontinued [3 in the oxytocin group; 0 in the placebo group (p=0.0625, Fisher's exact test)]. No significant difference between groups was found in any outcome evaluated. Patients of the placebo group performed slightly better than patients of the oxytocin group in some secondary outcomes, but these differences were not significant. ConclusionOxytocin nasal spray resulted to be safe, including in women of childbearing age but did not significantly reduce the number of binge eating episodes per week in outpatients affected by binge eating disorder and obesity. These findings are discussed in light of the human oxytocin literature.

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Oxytocin: A Conditional Anorexigen whose Effects on Appetite Depend on the Physiological, Behavioural and Social Contexts

Cited by 45 publications

References 115 publications

Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Its Relationship with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Variables

Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Its Relationship with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Variables

Role of oxytocin in the control of stress and food intake

Oxytocin Nasal Spray in the Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder and Obesity: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

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