Oxygenation, oxygen delivery and anaesthesia in the horse

Hubbell, J. A. E.; Muir, William W.

doi:10.1111/evj.12258

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…). In circumstances where CMV is necessary, mild hypoventilation [reduced minute ventilation with associated increase in PaCO 2 (Hubbell & Muir )] may have beneficial cardiovascular effects. In halothane‐anaesthetized horses, a reduction in ventilation frequency during CMV resulted in increased PaCO 2 which stimulated spontaneous breathing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of two different intra-operative end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions on apnoeic duration in the recovery period in horses

Thompson

Bardell

2016

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of two different intra-operative end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions on apnoeic duration in the recovery period in horses

Thompson

Bardell

2016

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…Arterial oxygen tension (PaO 2 ) drives oxygen binding to haemoglobin and in concert with haemoglobin concentration, is one of the major determinants of oxygen content of arterial blood. Arterial hypoxaemia, defined as PaO 2 <60 mmHg is common in anaesthetised horses. A major contributing factor to arterial hypoxaemia is rapid formation of substantial atelectasis in dependent lung regions, increasing venous admixture from less than 3% in standing horses to greater than 30% in recumbent, anaesthetised animals .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of arterial oxygen tension in horses recovering from general anaesthesia

Bardell

Mosing

Cripps

2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Arterial hypoxaemia is common in anaesthetised horses, but little information exists regarding restoration of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) during recovery from anaesthesia, or if intra‐operative management factors exert any longer‐term effect. Objectives To evaluate PaO2 in horses recovering from general anaesthesia up to 1 h after resuming standing. Study design Prospective observational clinical cohort study. Methods Systemically healthy adult horses undergoing inhalational general anaesthesia for elective surgical procedures were studied. Arterial blood samples were obtained anaerobically prior to pre‐anaesthetic medication, at end of anaesthesia, immediately following positioning in the recovery box, then at 10‐min intervals until standing. Additionally, samples were taken when horses achieved sternal recumbency, at standing (STAND) and 1 h after standing (STAND+1). Data were analysed using ANOVA and mixed‐effects linear regression, with significance set at P<0.05. Results Data from one hundred and two horses were analysed. Forty horses received controlled mandatory ventilation (CMV) throughout anaesthesia, 47 breathed spontaneously (SV) and 15 initially breathed spontaneously before CMV was imposed (S‐CMV). Overall, PaO2, P(A‐a)O2 and PaCO2 remained significantly lower than baseline at STAND+1 (P<0.01). CMV resulted in higher PaO2 at the end of anaesthesia (P = 0.03) and during early recovery (P<0.01) than SV. Only in group S‐CMV did PaO2, P(A‐a)O2 and PaCO2 return to baseline values at STAND+1. Highest PaO2 values associated with CMV were also associated with early recovery apnoea. Main limitations Non‐standardised anaesthetic management, temporal and quantitative variation in oxygen delivery during early recovery and lack of control group where oxygen was electively withheld during recovery. Conclusions Controlled mandatory ventilation results in better pulmonary function in horses as assessed by PaO2, P(A‐a)O2 and PaCO2, an effect enhanced by an initial period of SV and still evident 1 h after standing. High PaO2 values may contribute to early recovery apnoea but this does not adversely affect outcome. The Summary is available in Portuguese – see Supporting Information

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“…In anaesthetised equines undergoing emergency caeliotomy, a potential cause of postoperative complications and death is hypoxia due to inadequate oxygen delivery 6. The oxygen delivery is not only limited by the amount of oxygen that reaches the alveoli, including the FIO 2 , minute ventilation, pulmonary flow and shunts,10 but also depends on other factors such as arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, vascular resistance and arterial oxygen content. In this particular case, cardiovascular function was likely the main cause of tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia, since arterial oxygenation and oxygen-carrying capacity were maintained within limits considered critical for oxygen delivery 11.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphic tachycardia in an anaesthetised horse with an undiagnosed pheochromocytoma undergoing emergency coeliotomy

Ranninger

Bettschart‐Wolfensberger

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 17-year-old, 550-kg, neutered male Oldenburger horse was referred for an exploratory coeliotomy after acute collapse, profuse sweating and abdominal pain refractory to conventional analgesics. Clinical evaluation was only possible under sedation and revealed pale mucous membranes, tachypnoea, tachycardia with irregular heart rhythm and distended small intestines with decreased motility. Preoperative blood testing revealed severe hyperlactataemia and hyperglycaemia, whereas an abdominocentesis showed evidence of haemoperitoneum. Under general anaesthesia, polymorphic tachyarrhythmias, hypotension, peripheral oedema, persistent hyperlactataemia, electrolyte imbalances and haemorrhage complicated the anaesthetic management of this case. Despite cardiovascular support, including administration of fluid therapy, inotropes, 3.5 litres of fresh whole blood and 5 litres of fresh frozen plasma, the horse did not recover from general anaesthesia. A pheochromocytoma of the left adrenal gland with parenchymal rupture and haemorrhage was diagnosed postmortem. The present report describes the anaesthetic challenges of an undiagnosed pheochromocytoma in a horse with colic.

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Oxygenation, oxygen delivery and anaesthesia in the horse

Cited by 44 publications

References 114 publications

The effect of two different intra-operative end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions on apnoeic duration in the recovery period in horses

The effect of two different intra-operative end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions on apnoeic duration in the recovery period in horses

Restoration of arterial oxygen tension in horses recovering from general anaesthesia

Polymorphic tachycardia in an anaesthetised horse with an undiagnosed pheochromocytoma undergoing emergency coeliotomy

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