The metabolism of the four-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
pyrene was investigated
using cell suspension cultures of soybean, wheat, purple foxglove, and
jimsonweed and callus cultures
of soybean and foxglove. In all species, nonextractable residues
were found (soybean, jimsonweed,
and foxglove suspensions, <10% of applied 14C; soybean
and foxglove callus cultures, 20−25%; wheat,
30−40%); soluble metabolites were detected in only foxglove and
wheat. About 90% of applied pyrene
was transformed in wheat. Corresponding data from soybean and
foxglove callus cultures were
about 30% and those from soybean, jimsonweed, and foxglove suspensions
about 7%. In foxglove,
1-hydroxypyrene methyl ether was identified as the main metabolite,
whereas a complex mixture
of carbohydrate conjugates of 1-hydroxypyrene was found in wheat.
Due to the present results,
crop and wild plants may be metabolic sinks for PAHs in the
environment. Concentrations and
toxicological implications of 1-hydroxypyrene, its derivatives, and
analogous metabolites of other
PAHs should be investigated.
Keywords: Pyrene metabolism; cell-suspension and callus cultures of
soybean, wheat, purple
foxglove and
jimsonweed; hydroxylation; O-methylation;
carbohydrate conjugates