Oxygen vacancy engineering for enhanced sensing performances: A case of SnO2 nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide hybrids for ultrasensitive ppb-level room-temperature NO2 sensing
“…Oxygen vacancies are generated during the film production progress, which can be observed by XPS (Figure g–i) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy (Figure S4, Supporting Information). In the high‐resolution spectra of O 1s, peaks can be decomposed into three peaks at 529.8, 531.5, and 532.6 eV, attributed to lattice oxygen (O L ), oxygen vacancies (O V ), and chemisorbed oxygen related species (O C ), respectively . Distinctly, the ratio of the oxygen vacancy to lattice oxygen significantly increases after the second hydrothermal reaction, implying the oxygen‐vacancy‐rich NHSNCM/rGO composite and C‐NHSNCM film.…”
Ternary transition metal oxides (TMOs) are highly potential electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to abundant defects and synergistic effects with various metal elements in a single structure. However, low electronic/ionic conductivity and severe volume change hamper their practical application for lithium storage. Herein, nanosheet‐assembled hollow single‐hole Ni–Co–Mn oxide (NHSNCM) spheres with oxygen vacancies can be obtained through a facile hydrothermal reaction, which makes both ends of each nanosheet exposed to sufficient free space for volume variation, electrolyte for extra active surface area, and dual ion diffusion paths compared with airtight hollow structures. Furthermore, oxygen vacancies could improve ion/electronic transport and ion insertion/extraction process of NHSNCM spheres. Thus, oxygen‐vacancy‐rich NHSNCM spheres embedded into a 3D porous carbon nanotube/graphene network as the anode film ensure efficient electrolyte infiltration into both the exterior and interior of porous and open spheres for a high utilization of the active material, showing an excellent electrochemical performance for LIBs (1595 mAh g−1 over 300 cycles at 2 A g−1, 441.6 mAh g−1 over 4000 cycles at 10 A g−1). Besides, this straightforward synthetic method opens an efficacious avenue for the construction of various nanosheet‐assembled hollow single‐hole TMO spheres for potential applications.
“…Oxygen vacancies are generated during the film production progress, which can be observed by XPS (Figure g–i) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy (Figure S4, Supporting Information). In the high‐resolution spectra of O 1s, peaks can be decomposed into three peaks at 529.8, 531.5, and 532.6 eV, attributed to lattice oxygen (O L ), oxygen vacancies (O V ), and chemisorbed oxygen related species (O C ), respectively . Distinctly, the ratio of the oxygen vacancy to lattice oxygen significantly increases after the second hydrothermal reaction, implying the oxygen‐vacancy‐rich NHSNCM/rGO composite and C‐NHSNCM film.…”
Ternary transition metal oxides (TMOs) are highly potential electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to abundant defects and synergistic effects with various metal elements in a single structure. However, low electronic/ionic conductivity and severe volume change hamper their practical application for lithium storage. Herein, nanosheet‐assembled hollow single‐hole Ni–Co–Mn oxide (NHSNCM) spheres with oxygen vacancies can be obtained through a facile hydrothermal reaction, which makes both ends of each nanosheet exposed to sufficient free space for volume variation, electrolyte for extra active surface area, and dual ion diffusion paths compared with airtight hollow structures. Furthermore, oxygen vacancies could improve ion/electronic transport and ion insertion/extraction process of NHSNCM spheres. Thus, oxygen‐vacancy‐rich NHSNCM spheres embedded into a 3D porous carbon nanotube/graphene network as the anode film ensure efficient electrolyte infiltration into both the exterior and interior of porous and open spheres for a high utilization of the active material, showing an excellent electrochemical performance for LIBs (1595 mAh g−1 over 300 cycles at 2 A g−1, 441.6 mAh g−1 over 4000 cycles at 10 A g−1). Besides, this straightforward synthetic method opens an efficacious avenue for the construction of various nanosheet‐assembled hollow single‐hole TMO spheres for potential applications.
“…The adsorption amount of gas molecules increases with the increase of temperature, and thus leading to the increase of sensor response. Then, as the temperature increased above the optimal operating temperature, the increase of temperature can speed up TEA molecular motion and then undermine the infirm coordination adsorption about the TEA molecules and sensing materials . Hence, the response will decrease due to the adsorption amount of TEA gas molecules and the number of electron transfer decreased.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, apart from act as electron donors to improve the electronic conductivity, OVs boost the adsorption of oxygen molecules to form more active sites. . Based on the above analysis and discussion, surface oxygen vacancy defects can evidently improve the gas sensing properties of SnO 2 nanoparticles.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Up to now, a number of studies confirmed that the gas sensing performances of SnO 2 had a lot to do with the oxygen vacancies (OVs). OVs in SnO 2 can act as electron donors to enhance the electron concentration and provide more active sites . Thus, oxygen vacancy engineering is considered to be an effective way to fabricate high‐performance SnO 2 ‐based gas sensors.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Wang et al. reported that SnO 2 ‐RGO‐OVs hybrids had excellent room‐temperature NO 2 sensing properties . Bonu et al.…”
In this paper, tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles with abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) (designated as IWBT) were synthesized via a combined hydrothermal route and ice‐water bath stirring method. In addition, another SnO2 nanoparticles (designated as RTT) were prepared by the room temperature stirring synthesis and subsequent hydrothermal process. The morphology and composition of the as‐obtained samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis. It was found that IWBT contained much more surface oxygen vacancies defects than RTT. The synthesized IWBT exhibited outstanding gas sensing properties toward triethylamine (TEA) at 260 °C, such as high response, significant selectivity, low detection limit and excellent repeatability. According to the results of experiments, the response of as‐prepared IWBT sensor could reach to 2701.36 when exposed to 500 ppm TEA, which was far higher than the as‐prepared RTT sensor (748.10). The excellent sensing characteristics of IWBT could be attributed to the abundant OVs that could improve the O2 adsorptivity and electron transfer capability of SnO2. Thus, IWBT supplied a rational strategy to enhance the gas sensing performances of TEA gas sensors.
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