Oxygen uptake and heart rate responses during arm vs combined arm/electrically stimulated leg exercise in people with paraplegia

Raymond, Jacqui; Davis, Glen M.; Fahey, A. Leilani; Climstein, Mike; Sutton, John R.

doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3100476

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…this is also in contrast to other studies (21)(22)(23)(24), where FES hybrid cycling Vo 2peak has been found to be significantly higher compared with ACE alone. A probable explanation for this may be methodological diversities in terms of lesion levels, determination criteria for Vo 2peak and individual FES training status.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Effect of lower extremity functional electrical stimulation pulsed isometric contractions on arm cycling peak oxygen uptake in spinal cord injured individuals

Brurok¹,

Tørhaug²,

Karlsen³

et al. 2013

J Rehabil Med

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Objective: To compare peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) between: (i) functional electrical stimulation lower extremity pulsed isometric muscle contractions combined with arm cycling (FES iso hybrid), (ii) functional electrical stimulation cycling combined with arm cycling (FES hybrid cycling), and (iii) arm cycling exercise (ACE) in individuals with spinal cord injury with level of injury above and below T6. Design: Cross-over repeated measures design. Methods/participants: Individuals with spinal cord injury (n = 15) with level of injury between C4 and T12, were divided into groups; above (spinal cord injury -high, n = 8) and below (spinal cord injury -low, n = 7) T6 level. On separate days, VO 2peak was compared between: (i) ACE, (ii) FES iso hybrid, and (iii) FES hybrid cycling. Results: In the SCI-high group, FES iso hybrid increased VO 2peak (17.6 (standard deviation (SD) 5.0) to 23.6 (SD 3.6) ml/kg/min; p = 0.001) and ventilation (50.4 (SD 20.8) to 58.2 (SD 20.7) l/min; p = 0.034) more than ACE. Furthermore, FES hybrid cycling resulted in a 6.8 ml/kg/min higher VO 2peak (p = 0.001) and an 11.0 litres/minute (p = 0.001) higher ventilation. ACE peak workload was 10.5 W (p = 0.001) higher during FES hybrid cycling compared with ACE. In the spinal cord injury -low group, no significant differences were found between the modalities. Conclusion: VO 2peak increased when ACE was combined with FES iso hybrid or FES hybrid cycling in persons with spinal cord injury above the T6 level. Portable FES may serve as a less resource-demanding alternative to stationary FES cycling, and may have important implications for exercise prescription for spinal cord injury.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Effect of lower extremity functional electrical stimulation pulsed isometric contractions on arm cycling peak oxygen uptake in spinal cord injured individuals

Brurok¹,

Tørhaug²,

Karlsen³

et al. 2013

J Rehabil Med

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“…For instance, results show that a combination of upperbody and ES-LCE exercise, so-called hybrid exercise, can markedly enhance exercise responses [9][10][11]. Even though this technique appears very useful for promoting central cardiovascular and metabolic responses, it will not improve exercise and integrity of the paralyzed legs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of modified electrical stimulation-induced leg cycle ergometer training for individuals with spinal cord injury

Janssen

Pringle²

2008

JRRD

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Abstract-Computer-controlled electrical stimulation (ES)-induced leg cycle ergometer (ES-LCE) exercise can be beneficialfor individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), but exercise performance is often insufficient for eliciting continuous gains in cardiopulmonary training adaptations. The first purpose of this study was to determine whether a modified ES-LCE improved exercise performance and responses compared with the standard ES-LCE. Modifications to the ES-LCE included increased ES current amplitude (140-300 mA), added shank muscle activation, and increased ES firing angle ranges (+55°). The second purpose was to evaluate the effects of a 6-week interval training program (ITP) with this modified methodology on ES-LCE exercise performance, peak metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses, and muscle strength in experienced and novice riders. No significantly different peak values for power output and stroke volume were found for the two systems, but the modified ES-LCE elicited significantly higher peak values for oxygen uptake (+22%), carbon dioxide production (+51%), pulmonary ventilation (+37%), cardiac output (+32%), heart rate (+19%), and blood lactate concentration (+50%). Power output, metabolic rate, and lower-limb muscle strength increased significantly following training. This study showed that an ITP with the modified ES-LCE can elicit marked improvements in ES-LCE performance (peak power output), peak metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses, and muscle strength in men with SCI, even in those subjects whose performance has plateaued during training on the standard ES-LCE.

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“…Other studies employing a similar ES muscle recruitment pattern have also documented relatively minor eects on whole body metabolism during concurrent arm cranking exercise (Davis et al 1990;Phillips and Burkett 1995;Hopman et al 1998b). In marked contrast, when ES-induced leg cycling is performed concurrently with arm cranking in PARA, _ V O 2 is higher compared to that measured with arm cranking alone (Raymond et al 1997(Raymond et al , 1999a.…”

Section: Es-induced Leg Muscle Contractionsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Cardiovascular responses during arm exercise and orthostatic challenge in individuals with paraplegia

Raymond

Davis

Clarke

et al. 2001

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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In this study the cardiorespiratory responses during arm crank ergometry (ACE) performed at two submaximal intensities (30% and 50% of heart rate reserve) and moderate orthostatic challenge were investigated in individuals with paraplegia (PARA). The effect of concurrent electrical stimulation (ES)-induced leg muscle contractions on the responses to ACE during orthostatic challenge was also investigated. Eight PARA (T5-T12) and eight able-bodied (AB) individuals participated in this study, however only seven subjects from each group completed all tests and were used in subsequent data analyses. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (fc), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Qc) were assessed during (1) ACE alone, (2) ACE and lower body negative pressure (ACE + LBNP), and, in PARA only, (3) ACE + LBNP with ES (ACE + LBNP+ ES). In both PARA and AB, ACE + LBNP decreased SV (by 13-18% and 20-23%, respectively) and increased fc (by 13-15% and 16%, respectively) compared to ACE alone. The decrease in SV was greater in AB than in PARA (significant group x trial interaction; both ACE intensities pooled), but there was no difference in the magnitude of increase in fc between groups. ES-induced leg muscle contractions increased SV (up to 16%) but did not change VO2 or Qc. The smaller reduction in SV from ACE to ACE + LBNP in PARA may indicate a mechanism by which adequate central blood volume can be maintained in the face of orthostatic challenge, despite the absence of supraspinal control below the spinal cord lesion. With ES-induced leg muscle contractions, the decrease in SV, which occurred during ACE + LBNP, was reversed via reactivation of the lower limb muscle pump and augmented venous return.

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Oxygen uptake and heart rate responses during arm vs combined arm/electrically stimulated leg exercise in people with paraplegia

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of lower extremity functional electrical stimulation pulsed isometric contractions on arm cycling peak oxygen uptake in spinal cord injured individuals

Effect of lower extremity functional electrical stimulation pulsed isometric contractions on arm cycling peak oxygen uptake in spinal cord injured individuals

Effects of modified electrical stimulation-induced leg cycle ergometer training for individuals with spinal cord injury

Cardiovascular responses during arm exercise and orthostatic challenge in individuals with paraplegia

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